1. 1 Status & Plans for Implementing the Initial U.S. IOOS Tom Malone Director, OceanUS University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science 1.1998 – 2004 2.Governance 3.The Initial System 4.Pilot Projects

2. 2 1998 NORLC Charged by Congress Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Provide Data/Info Required for More Rapid Detection & Timely Prediction of State Changes Improve the safety & efficiency of marine operations Improve homeland security Mitigate effects of natural hazards more effectively Improve predictions of climate change & their effects Minimize public health risks Protect & restore healthy coastal marine ecosystems more effectively Sustain living marine resources 1 System, 7 Goals

3. 3 1999 – NORLC Submits Provisional Design => Congress 2000 – NORLC creates OceanUS Office 2002 – OceanUS Workshop  National consensus on priorities for developing the Initial IOOS 2003 – Regional Development Nationally  NORLC/OSTP Approved design plan & implementation priorities => Congress  OceanUS Regional Summit => Establish Regional Systems  S.1400 authorizing $216 M for 1 st year of IOOS  Regional groups funded to establish Regional Associations 2004 – Commission on Ocean Policy (March)  OceanUS Workshop: Building Regional Capacity (29-30 March)  OceanUS Implementation Plan for the Initial IOOS (April)  House version of S.1400 (??)  OceanUS Interagency – RA Planning Conference FY 2007 (July)  OceanUS Endorsced, NORLC Approved Integrated Plan with Agency funding commitments FY 2007 (Sept)

4. 4 2003 Congress Directs NOAA & Its NORLC Partners Submit an Implementation Plan 1)Specify an interagency governance structure 2)Define the roles & responsibilities of each agency in the implementation & operation the system 3)Provide multi-year funding estimates by agency 4)Articulate a process for regional coordination & technical support to ensure development of  integrated regional systems as part of  a national observing initiative

5. 5 Part I – Structure and Governance  Vision & design principles  System architecture  Planning  Implementation Cycle Part II – Building the Initial IOOS  Integrate existing assets across Agencies  Coordinated regional development  Roles of participating NOPP Agencies Part III – Improving the IOOS  Enhance the initial IOOS  R&D priorities  Multi-year budget projection Implementation Plan Initial IOOS

6. 6 NORLC – “Governing Board”  Responsible for IOOS development & operation  Establishes policies & approves design & implementation plans OceanUS – Guided by Agency Priorities (via an Executive Committee), USGSC & RAs  Plans, endorses, coordinates & evaluates NOPP Agencies – Based on Agency Priorities & mutual benefits  Implement, operate & improve the Global Ocean Component (International collaboration) & National Coastal Backbone  Fund Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems Regional Associations – Following IOOS Principles & Requirements  Design, implement, operate & improve Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems  Guide development of the National Backbone & may contribute to its development Governance

7. 7 A National Federation of Regional Associations Represent Regional Associations at Federal Level  Enable effective communications among NOPP agencies & RAs  Ensure evolution of a national backbone that meets regional needs,  Contribute to the development of common standards & protocols & facilitate their use  Promote development of & funding for Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems nationwide Coordinate Development of Regional Associations  Promote technology & information transfer  Facilitate use of common standards & protocols  Work with RAs to establish geographic boundaries as needed Periodically Recertify Regional Associations NFRA Representation  Regional Associations  Participating NOPP Agencies  OceanUS (ex officio)

8. 8 National Weather Service A Model for an Operational, End to End Observing System Advice R&D Requirements Meteorology & Physical Oceanography NWS Climate Observing System Weather Climatologies Nowcasts Forecasts Future Casts Climate Long Range Predictions

9. 9 IOOS Phenomena of Interest Climate & Weather + Marine Ops, Hazards, Security & Public Health  Sea surface winds, currents, ice & waves  Sea level & bathymetry  Storm surge, erosion, susceptibility to natural hazards  Acoustic performance  Propagation of electromagnetic waves  Human exposure to Contaminants Pathogens Ecosystem Health & Natural Resources  Habitat modification  Loss of biodiversity  Invasive species  Harmful algal events  Eutrophication  Disease & mass mortalities  Stocks of harvestable resources  Declining harvests  Mariculture operations

10. 10 Detecting & Predicting Change in Oceans & Coasts Multi-D Foundation Marine Meteorology Oceanography Marine & Estuarine Ecology Landscape Ecology Medical Research Multiple Applications Marine operations Public health & safety LMR Management Environmental Protection ICAM Coastal Engineering Advice R&D Requirements IOOS

11. 11 Basic Design Considerations  System must be multi-scale & interdisciplinary  System must provide rapid access to diverse data from many sources  Regions have both unique & common requirements for data, data management & analysis  Many building blocks of the IOOS already exist  Operational capabilities are most advanced for the goals of marine operations, homeland security, natural hazards, and climate prediction  Major commitment to R&D required to realize the potential of a fully integrated, sustained & operational system

12. 12 U.S. IOOS Two Interdependent Components Global Ocean Climate Component GOOS/GCOS Coastal Ocean Component GLsNE MAB SE Go Mex H Isl GoA NW SW Regional Observing Systems National Backbone Resolution Lower Higher

13. 13 Coastal Component Operated by  NOPP Agencies  RAs EEZ & Great Lakes Core variables  required by regions Networks  sentinel stations  reference stations Standards/Protocols  QAQC, DMAC  Products Regional Associations  Design  Operate Involve user groups  Design  Evaluation Incorporate  Subregional systems  Elements thereof Based on User Needs   Resolution   Variables Regional COOS’s National Backbone

14. 14 2002 OceanUS National Workshop Core Variables Physical –Temperature*, Salinity* –Bathymetry* –Sea level* –Surface waves*, currents* –Ice distribution –Air/Sea heat flux Multidisciplinary –Optical properties* –Bottom character* * Variables also recommended by COOP & EuroGOOS Chemical –Dissolved inorganic nutrient* –Contaminants –Dissolved oxygen* Biological –Fish species, abundance –Zooplankton species, abundance –Phytoplankton species, biomass (ocean color*) –Pathogens

15. 15 Global Products Detect/Predict ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change Increase resolution of field estimates  Sea surface winds  SST & SSS  Surface currents & waves  Sea ice Improve sea level predictions  Tides  Long – term, secular changes More accurate estimates of changes in  Heat & freshwater content of the oceans  Air–Sea fluxes of heat, water & momentum

16. 16 National Coastal Backbone: EEZ, Great Lakes Effects of ENSO, Extreme Weather, Climate Change, & People Extend global products into coastal waters + Detect changes in ecological properties more rapidly  Surface & interior chlorophyll (fields)  Macrozooplankton biomass distributions  Maps of extent & condition of critical benthic habitats coral reefs, SAV, tidal marshes & mangrove forests Quantify resources more accurately & rapidly  Spawning stock size & distribution of harvestable fish species Quantify land–based Inputs more accurately & rapidly  Freshwater transport  Weekly sediments, nutrients & contaminants

17. 17 Part II. Process of Identifying Existing Assets for OceanUS Endorsement NOPP Agencies provide inventories of candidate programs Criteria for OceanUS Endorsement  Measure at least 1 of the core variables  Provide value–added benefits as part of an integrated system (new or improved products)  Meet operational requirements Community tested & accepted techniques Sustainable, routine & cost-effective operation

18. 18 National Backbone Initial Operational Observing Subsystem EEZ, Great Lakes Remote Sensing  National Polar – Orbiting Environmental Satellite (NOAA, Navy, NASA) In Situ Sensing  Stream gauge network (USGS)  Tide gauge network (NOAA, USGS)  Buoy programs – moored instruments (NOAA, Navy)  Wave gauge programs (NOAA, Navy, USACE)  Hydrographic & Habitat surveys (NOAA, USGS)  Fish stock assessments (NOAA)

19. 19 2002 OceanUS Workshop Part III. Enhancing the Initial IOOS Yr 1Yr 2Yr 3Yr 4Yr 5 Mostly new infrastructure DMAC 1 18 30 45 50 60 Regional Systems 2 50110170210210 Building on existing assets Global ocean-climate 3 30 60 90120120 Coastal enhancement 4 40 60 80100110 TOTAL138260385480500 1 Landry Bernard 2 David Martin 3 Based on pre – existing plans 4 Enhance the initial backbone by improving existing elements (NDBC buoys, tide & stream gauge networks, remote sensing) & pilot projects to transition research capabilities => operational modes $ Millions

20. 20 Four Stages of IOOS Development 1. Research New Knowledge & Technologies 2. Pilot Projects Demonstrate Feasibility (community acceptance; standards & protocols) 3. Pre-Operational Projects Proof of Concept (value added, cost-effective) 4. Operational System (routine, sustained)

21. 21 Goal: Surface current velocity maps in real – time Challenge: Rapid integration of data from HF Radars, Satellites, & In situ instruments Ocean.US

22. 22 Surface Current Mapping: Multiple Applications Search & Rescue –More rapid recovery Ship Routing & Detection –Fuel efficiency, Safety Oil Spills & Harmful Algal Blooms –More accurate forecasts of trajectories, Mitigation Sustainable Fisheries –More accurate estimates of recruitment Ocean Science –Improved physical & ecological models

23. 23 Building Regional Capacity 2004 Workshop: Building Regional Capacity, 29-30 March, Washington, D.C.  Criteria & process for certification as a Regional Association  Process by which RA’s will help guide design, implementation & improvement of the IOOS  Initiate process that will lead to establishment of the National Federation of RA’s

24. 24 National Workshop to Build Regional Capacity Washington, D.C. 29-30 March 2004

25. 25

26. 26 Observing Requirements: Remote Sensing Sustain & Improve Satellite Time-Series  Surface winds, temperature, waves, currents  Sea surface height  Ocean color

27. 27 Global Ocean-Climate Component Requirements for In Situ Observations  Full implementation Argo Argo Water level network Water level network Global ocean time series observatories Global ocean time series observatories  Successful completion GODAE GODAE  Optimize the global network of observations  Enhance ocean time series observatories key biological & chemical sensors key biological & chemical sensors

28. 28 Four Year Implementation Planning Cycle Yr N-3 (2004) Guidelines for Yr N Implementation  May: Agencies & RA’s report on status & plans => OceanUS  July: Inter-agency, RA Conference => OceanUS integrated report on status & plans => NORLC  Sept: NORLC/Ocean.US endorsed implementation plan (IP) for Yr N Yr N-2 (2005) Agency– Specific Plans & Budgets  Using the IP for guidance, each agency prepares a budget that incorporates their contribution for Yr N implementation Yr N-1 (2006) Integration  OceanUS prepares integrated multi–agency IP based on agency–specific commitments  NOAA prepares consolidated, multi–agency budget  Federal budget submission & appropriations Yr N (2007) Implementation  NOPP Agencies + RAs => National Backbone  RAs => Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems Yr N+1 (2008) OceanUS Performance Evaluation

29. 29 Governance of the IOOS Plan Endorse Select Fund Implement Evaluate Verify Functions NORLC Establish Policies NOPP Agencies Implement Global + Backbone Responsibilities Ocean.US ExCom NFRA Establish Policies RAs Implement RCOOSs ORAP USGSC 4 Yr Planning Cycle

30. 30 S.1400: Ocean Observations & Coastal Systems Act Snowe, Kerry, McCain, Hollings, Inouye & Breaux Authorization – Passed Senate October, 2003 Assigns responsibility for establishing & maintaining the IOOS to NOPP Formalizes in statute an Interagency Program Office (OceanUS) Directs the NORLC to establish a Joint Operations Center to be managed by NOAA in consultation with its NORLC partners Authorizes $216M for FY 04 => $257M in FY 08 Expect House passage this session (Resource Committee + Science, Armed Services & Transportation)

31. 31 S.1400 : Authorization of Appropriations Year 1 $216M => Yr 5 $257M Year 1 NOAA: $83M –> $42M for regions –$3M for HF Radar NSF: $25M NASA: $30M Navy: $55M –ONR $25M –Oceanographer $30M USCG: $8M Other NOPP: $15M