1. 12/13/99 Page 1 IRAM Network Interface Ioannis Mavroidis maurog@cs.berkeley.edu IRAM retreat January 12-14, 2000

2. 12/13/99 Page 2 Outline IRAM Network Interface Goals –VIRAM-1 prototype board and Application characteristics –NI Requirements and Design decisions NI Architecture and Design Overview –Rough diagram of the whole datapath –What has been implemented so far: Packet descriptor DMA engine Queue Manager

3. 12/13/99 Page 3 VIRAM-1 prototype board

4. 12/13/99 Page 4 Application Characteristics Streaming Multimedia/DSP computations or problems too large or too slow on a single IRAM : –FFT, MPEG, Sorting, Sparse matrix computations, N-body computations, Speech kernels, Rasterization or other graphics Bulk synchronous communication, mostly messages 100s of bytes long. High bandwidth is more important than low latency. Programming model and OS support similar to : –MPI (message send/receive) –Titanium (remote read/write)

5. 12/13/99 Page 5 NI Requirements Message Passing support User-Level Access (mem-mapped device) Flow Control (no packets dropped) Routing/Bridging Multiple DMA descriptors per packet Should not under-utilize available link bandwidth Keep it simple. Focus on prototype board and apps. –~8 chips on same board –Applications: High bandwidth, Latency tolerant

6. 12/13/99 Page 6 NI Design Decisions Packet is segmented into 32-byte flits Route once per packet –Advantage: Routing each flit separately would: Need more buffer space at the receiving node. Consume more bandwidth for routing info overhead. –Disadvantage: implies that flits from different packets should not be interleaved. Better not have page-fault/MEM exception in the middle of a packet… SW will have to guarantee this OR For our prototype, apps are highly likely to fit in main MEM Credit-based flow-control per flit –Do not have to allocate buffer for whole packet. Error detection/correction codes per flit –Helps to reduce power consumption with low-swing interconnect

7. 12/13/99 Page 7 NI architecture

8. 12/13/99 Page 8 Packet Descriptor Msg send is a 2 phase process: describe and launch 64 memory-mapped registers for packets description. –16 max per packet. Launch is atomic. –Description of one msg can start immediately after previous is launched. Misc registers: –head, tail (circular buffer) –space_avail (max pct descriptor) –save_len (for context-switch) –error (illegal op_len/desc_len)

9. 12/13/99 Page 9 DMA engine Supported operations –Sequential DMA (word aligned) –Strided DMA (words/doubles) Address generator: –Allocates buffer to receive data when it arrives from memory. –Generates addresses. –Remembers pending requests. Data receiver: –Communicates with memory through a 32-bit bus. –Generates mux_sel signal to read mem data, according to pending requests.

10. 12/13/99 Page 10 Queue Manager (1) Manages multiple FIFO queues in one shared memory. 5 queues: –1 x 4 output links –1 free list with all empty flits Each queue is represented as a linked list with head/tail/next pointers Supported operations: –enqueue (list, data) –data = dequeue (list)

11. 12/13/99 Page 11 Queue Manager (2) 2 cycles per operations –Head/Tail Read –MEM, WB Head/Tail Pipelining: 1 op/cycle –Problem: Complexity due to data hazards. –Solution: Do not allow 2 consecutive ops of the same kind to avoid most hazards. –Timing »Enqueue: Write 64 bits »Dequeue: Read 64 bits -> Port 0 »Enqueue: Write 64 bits »Dequeue: Read 64 bits -> Port 1 »Enqueue: Write 64 bits »Dequeue: Read 64 bits -> Port 2 »Enqueue: Write 64 bits »Dequeue: Read 64 bits -> Port 3