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ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Earth-Moon System Precession Tides Limits on Sizes of Orbits Phases of the Moon Rotation of the Moon Eclipses.

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Presentation on theme: "ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Earth-Moon System Precession Tides Limits on Sizes of Orbits Phases of the Moon Rotation of the Moon Eclipses."— Presentation transcript:

1 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Earth-Moon System Precession Tides Limits on Sizes of Orbits Phases of the Moon Rotation of the Moon Eclipses

2 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Precession – We talked about this already (equinoxes, Polaris...)‏ – Now a bit more on why... – The Earth is not a perfect sphere (what is?!)‏ – The sun is not the only source of gravitational influence on the Earth – Also very important is the moon

3 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Precession – Earth's “spare tire” plus tilt means a torque from the sun and moon. See figure in text, plus:

4 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tides, a related concept – Depends on the idea that gravity depends on distance, and the near side of the Earth is pulled on harder than the far side (again by Sun and Moon)‏ – Follow derivation of tidal forces from text (p. 85- 88)‏

5 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tides, a related concept

6 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Tidal Braking – Friction breaks symmetry, so bulge is retarded – Earth's rotation slows, Moon orbit increases – Math here...

7 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Limits on Orbits – Minimum: Roche Limit Balance self gravity against tidal forces – Maximum: Hill Radius Balance gravity of planet (Earth) vs. Sun – Go through the math of each on board

8 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Phases of the Moon – Video – Figure – Quiz – Lab Demo

9 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Facts about Moon's Orbit – Titled by 5.1 degrees compared to the ecliptic – Sidereal vs. Synodic months Derivation in text, similar to things in Chapter 2 P_syn = 29.531 days (e.g. new moon to new moon)‏ P_sid = 27.322 days

10 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Rotation of the Moon – Earth exerts larger tidal forces on moon than moon does on Earth – Tidal braking is more effective – Moon now locked into synchronous rotation – Issue of “Far Side” vs. “Dark Side” -- Get it right! – Lunar Librations...see next slide/video

11 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations – Earth exerts larger tidal forces on moon than moon does on Earth – Tidal braking is more effective – Moon now locked into synchronous rotation – Issue of “Far Side” vs. “Dark Side” -- Get it right! – Lunar Librations...see next slide/video

12 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations (diurnal)‏ Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nTmOIkUo Ts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nTmOIkUo Ts

13 ASTR 2310: Chapter 4 Lunar Librations (in longitude due to eccentricity of lunar orbit, and in latitude due to orbital tilt):

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