1. How large should offspring be? Trade-off between number and size of offspring. Produce many small OR few large? Can be dictated by environmental context; i.e., the reproductive strategy may include phenotypic plasticity e.g. Stator limbatus (a seed beetle)

2. Seed beetle: Stator limbatus Blue palo verde seed Poor host: < 1/2 larvae survive Cat-claw acacia seed Good host: most larvae survive

3. Stator limbatus Assumption 1 Size decreases with an increased number of sibs Results 1 Minimum size at which offspring survive is smaller on good host Results 2 Optimal offspring size for parent is larger on poor host Offspring survival Parental fitness

4. 1st egg on one host - then female switched to Tte other host Control