1. USING CONTEXT-AWARE COMPUTING TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING COLLABORATION Dr Zeeshan Aziz Center for Innovative Collaborative Engineering, Loughborough University, UK.

2. Presentation Outline Need for Context-Awareness in Collaborative Working Service Delivery Framework Case studies of Service Delivery Framework Implementation –Transportation –Learning Environment –Construction Site Operations

3. Issues in Collaborative Working

4. Reasons for Contractor Re-Work (Source: ICE, 1998)

5. Issues in Collaborative Working “the cost of construction can be reduced by 25% through the efficient transfer of information”. ICE Publication “BP Exploration estimates that reducing the time needed to locate and acquire information would increase efficiency and result in annual savings of between US$10 million and US$20 million”

6. Project Collaboration Management

7. The Problem Client Project Collabor ation Arch. Q.S. Eng. Contractor Site-Based Personnel

8. Collaborative Needs of Mobile Workers The need to address the collaboration needs of mobile workers have long been understood To exploit the potential of emerging mobile communication technologies, many recent research projects have focused on the application of these technologies to support mobile engineers

9. Limitations of the Existing Approaches Existing mobile ICT deployments see support for mobile engineers as a “simple” delivery of static information using asynchronous or synchronous communications There is no consideration of user context and dynamic conditions of a project or changing user requirements

10. Need for Context-Awareness CONTEXT-AWARENESS THE DIGITAL WORLD THE REAL WORLD

11. Key Benefits of Context Aware Information Delivery Reduction in distractions related to the volume and level of information; Improved Usability via reduced user interaction; Improved decision making.

12. Perception – the basic perception of important information Comprehension – the integration of multiple pieces of information and a determination of their relevance to the person’s goals Projection – the ability to forecast future situation events and dynamics Decision Making Context Awareness EnvironmentPerformance Feedback ProjectionInterpretationPerception Improved Decision Making via Context Awareness

13. Service Delivery Framework

14. Pilot – Construction Site

15. Profile: Project Manager

16. Context Aware Data Delivery BLOCK A FLOOR 4 Profile: Project Manager Task: Inspect work done by Electrical Contractor

17. Context Aware Data Delivery BLOCK A FLOOR 4 BLOCK B FLOOR 4

18. Context Dimensions Context Dimensions User ID (e.g. Foreman, Project Manager, Site Supervisor, Electrician, etc) Location (e.g. on-site office, close to cranes, Floor 1, etc) User Device (e.g. PDA, Tablet PC, Notebook, etc) User Activity (e.g. Inspect the work, pick up skips, roof wiring on ground floor Etc) Time (e.g. Excavation, foundations, formwork placement, finishing, etc)

19. Profile Based Task Allocation

20. Tracking People for Improved H&S

21. Real Time Tracking

22. Inventory Management Real Time Inventory Updates

24. Intelligent Wireless Project Management

25. Zone N

26. Zone B

28. Case-Study : Context-Aware Services Delivery in Transportation

29. Pilot Objectives Station Staff - Location-based access to video-cameras -Context-based Security Alerts - Context-Aware VoIP Train Dispatch Staff - Access to traffic information - Interconnection information - Ticket issuing & control Maintenance Engineers - Task notification - Access to diagrams/data - Collaboration tools General Public - Location-based services - Ad-push - VoIP

30. Context Tracking Context-Based Pull & Push Context-Aware Applications 1.Real-time monitoring of user-location and status 2.Monitoring of external events (e.g. Train disruptions) 3.Monitoring of user device type 1.Delivery of information/secu rity alerts to users based on their context 2.Information pull based on user- context 1. Integrating context knowledge with legacy systems Corridor 1 Escalator E Talk 2 Chief Silent Alarm Back to Normal Escalator E Front 3 Back 3 Talk 2 Chief Silent Alarm Lateral 3 EXIT 3 Origin: Running Location: Corridor 1 Time: 10:34 OK ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR ALERT! Corridor 1 Escalator E Talk 2 Chief Silent Alarm Back to Normal Escalator E Front 3 Back 3 Talk 2 Chief Silent Alarm Lateral 3 EXIT 3 Back to Normal Aspects of Deployment

31. Deployment Architecture Context Engine Positioning Engine Client Wireless Base Station CE Client Rail Timetables Audit Database Context Engine CE Application Servers 3rd Party Services Packet Gateway (PDSN, GGSN) GPRS/UMTS Network WAN NETWORK Pos GPRS, UMTS Cell-based Location Enabler Operator

32. Applications Deployed Context-aware security alerts Context-aware audit support Context-aware access to train-running information

33. Alert Get Area Context Device Role Network Position Find Closest Users Push Info Origin: Bill Smith Location: Exit 3, Time: 10:34 OK ALERT ! Origin: Running Location: Corridor 1 Time: 10:34 OK PDA WiFi Pos Cell ID Security Wi-Fi GPRS Context Aware Security

34. Talk 2 ChiefSilent Alarm ENTRANCE 2 Alarm Warning Origin: Bill Smith Location: Exit 3 Time: 10:34 OK ALERT ! Talk 2 ChiefSilent Alarm ENTRANCE 2 Trigger a Silent Alarm Alarm! Alert Closest Users! Push Event, picture and Coordinates Show Map and Picture Push Event Information Front 3 Back 3 Talk 2 Chief Silent Alarm Lateral 3 EXIT 3 Origin: Running Location: Corridor 1 Time: 10:34 OK Take Action! Context-Aware Security

35. Context-Aware Audits

36. Maintenance Task List Localization of the Maintenance Tasks The escalator 8104 is out of order Comment: to be fixed ASAP OK Urgent Task Escalator 8104 Esc. 8104 Maintenance Manual Tag Context-Aware Audits

37. Rail Timetables

38. Access to Time-table web-service – Details of the station of origin is automatically captured

41. The Findings Overall Positive Response Ergonomic Issues - “Not enough hands” The wow factor – “the shiny new gadget” Demands on user attention

42. Context-aware data delivery in an Education Pilot

43. Location Specific Time Specific Device & User Specific ( x1,y1,z1) ( x2,y2,z2) Key objective: Context-Aware Access to Learning Material Pushing class notes / presentations Questionnaires / Surveys Delivery of applications

44. Avionics Physics Pic Database Control Physics Location-based presentation of documents/ applications Context Criteria = Location

45. Lecture Room 2 Lecture Room 1 Lecture Room 2 No Services MIS class Strategic Management Class Location Aware Services Delivery 123123 Letcure Room1 VLE

46. Avionics Physics Pic Database Control Physics Time-based presentation of documents/applications Course – CAD Design Course – Geographic Information Systems No Courses Context Criteria = Time

47. Context Criteria = Device Device-based presentation of services Disturbance Manual Disturbance

49. Teacher InterfaceStudents Interface Class room response system

52. General Feedback 78% respondents said the approach is better compared to existing approaches “It implies equipping all students with portables, otherwise may creates a discrimination issue” “Will be easier to annotate hard copies” “Much depends on students’ preference for learning – via a screen or using hard copies”

53. Conclusions Enabling technologies are still evolving. There is a great deal of technological convergence taking place as well. This convergence is taking place at several different levels, including software, hardware and functional levels. Convergence reflects that these technologies are complementary and may exist side by side.

54. Questions ?