1. Chapter 10 Supporting I/O Devices

2. You Will Learn…  How to install peripheral I/O devices  How to use ports and expansion slots for add- on devices  About keyboards and how to troubleshoot them  About different types of pointing devices  How monitors and video cards relate to the system, and how to troubleshoot them

3. Requirements for a New Device  Device driver or BIOS  System resources (eg, IRQ, DMA channel, I/O addresses, upper memory addresses)  Application software

4. Basic Principles of Peripheral Installations  Peripheral is a hardware device controlled by software; install both hardware and software  Software might be of different types; install all levels  More than one peripheral device might attempt to use same computer resources; resolve resource conflicts

5. Installation Overview 1. Install the device (internal or external) 2. Install the device driver 3. Install the application software

7. Installing a Hardware Device  Turn off PC, plug in the device, and reboot  If device is PnP, the Add New Hardware Wizard launches

8. Installing a Hardware Device

10. Using Ports and Expansion Slots for Add-on Devices  Devices can: Plug directly into a port (serial, parallel, USB, or IEEE 1394) Use an expansion card plugged into an expansion slot  All computers come with: One or two serial ports One parallel port One or more USB ports or an IEEE 1394 port (on newer computers)

11. Port Speeds

12. Using Serial Ports  Transmit data in single bits  Identified by counting the pins  Sometimes called DB-9 and DB-25 connectors  Almost always male  Originally intended for input and output devices  Can be configured for COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4  Conforms to RS-232c standard interface

13. Serial, Parallel, and Game Ports

14. Default Port Assignments

15. Port Assignments

16. Verifying a Port Is Configured Correctly

17. Serial Port Specifications

18. Null Modem Connection  Special cable (null modem cable or modem eliminator) enables data transmission between two DTE devices without the need for modems  Null modem cable has several wires cross- connected to simulate modem connection

19. Null Modem Cable

21. Infrared Transceivers  Use resources of the serial port for communication  Create a virtual infrared serial port and virtual infrared parallel port for infrared devices  Common problem: line-of-sight issue Radio technology (eg, Bluetooth or 802.11b) is most popular way to connect wireless I/O device

22. Using Parallel Ports  Transmit data in parallel, eight bits at a time  Cable longer than 10 or 15 feet can compromise data integrity  Almost always female  Commonly used by printers; also for some input devices  Can be configured as LPT1, LPT2, and LPT3

24. Types of Parallel Ports  Standard parallel port (SPP) Data flows in one direction Comparatively slower  Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP) Bidirectional  Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) Bidirectional Uses a DMA channel

25. A Standard Parallel Port

26. Using USB Ports  Expected to ultimately replace serial and parallel ports Faster Use higher quality cabling Easier to manage  Allows for hot-swapping and is hot-pluggable  Used by many devices (eg, mice, joysticks, keyboards, printers)

27. Using USB Ports

30. USB Host Controller  Polls each device, asking if data is ready to be sent or requesting to send data to the device  Manages communication to the CPU for all devices, using only a single IRQ, I/O address range, and DMA channel  Automatically assigns system resources at startup (with the OS)

31. Requirements for Installing a USB Device  Motherboard or expansion card that provides a USB port  OS that supports USB  USB device  USB device driver

32. Installing a USB Device

33. Using IEEE 1394 Ports  Also called FireWire and i.Link  Transmits data serially; faster than USB  Supports data speeds as high as 1.2 Gbps  Likely to replace SCSI for high-volume, multimedia external devices  Devices can be daisy-chained together and managed by a host controller using a single set of system resources  Uses isochronous data transfer

34. Types of IEEE 1394 Ports

35. IEEE 1394 Ports

36. Using PCI Expansion Slots  PCI bus is now the standard local I/O bus  Devices connected to it can run at one speed while the CPU runs at a different speed  Often used for fast I/O devices (eg, network cards or SCSI host adapters)

37. Using PCI Expansion Slots

38. PCI Bus Master  Manages the PCI bus and expansion slots  Assigns IRQ and I/O addresses to PCI expansion cards  PCI bus uses an interim interrupt between the PCI card and the IRQ line to the CPU

39. Using PCI Expansion Slots

41. Using ISA Expansion Slots  Configuration is not automated  ISA bus does not manage system resources  ISA device must request system resources at startup

42. Keyboards  Traditional straight design or ergonomic design  Two technologies for keys making contact Foil contact Metal contact

43. An Ergonomic Keyboard

44. Correct Position at the Keyboard

45. Keyboard Connectors  PS/2 connector (mini-DIN) Small, round, with six pins  DIN connector Round with five pins  USB port  Wireless connection

46. Keyboard Connectors

47. Keyboard Connector Adapter

48. Keyboard Connectors

49. Installing a Keyboard  Usually means plugging it in and turning on the PC  System BIOS manages the keyboard, so no keyboard drivers are necessary (except for wireless keyboards)

50. Troubleshooting Keyboard  A few keys don’t work  The keyboard does not work at all  Key continues to repeat after being released  Keys produce wrong characters  Major spills on the keyboard

51. Pointing Devices  Mouse Wheel mouse Optical mouse  Trackball  Touch pads

52. How a Wheel Mouse Works

53. Mouse Connection Types  Serial mouse  Motherboard mouse or PS/2 compatible mouse  Bus mouse  Using a USB port  Using a Y-connection to share a port with a keyboard  Cordless technology

54. Cleaning the Mouse  Remove cover  Clean rollers with cotton swab dipped in small amount of liquid soap

55. Manufacturers of Keyboards and Pointing Devices

56. Troubleshooting a Mouse  Check mouse port connection; check for dust or dirt inside; reboot the PC  Try a new mouse  Using Device Manager and Add New Hardware icon in Control Panel, uninstall then reinstall mouse driver; reboot the PC  Reboot PC and select logged option from startup menu to create Bootlog.txt file; continue boot and check log for errors

57. Chapter Summary  Installing and supporting I/O devices  Procedures and guidelines common to most installations  How to use serial, parallel, UB, and IEEE 1394 ports, and expansions slots  Essential I/O devices for a PC: keyboard, mouse, and video