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CHAPTER 25 TRACING PHYLOGENY
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I. PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS A.TAXONOMY EMPLOYS A HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMATICS, THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL DIVESRISTY AN EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT, INCLUDES TAXONOMY, THE IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES.
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B. TAXONOMY TAXA: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR ORGANISMS KINGDOM PHYLA CLASS ORDES FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
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C. THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF A PHYLOGENETIC TREE REPRESENTS THE TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY PHYLOGENETIC TREES REPRESENT HYPOTHESES DEVELOPED BY SYSTEMATISTS WHOSE GOAL IS TO HAVE CLASSIFICATION REFLECT EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY.
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D. DETERMINING MONOPHYLETIC TAXA IS A KEY TO CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS ACCORDING TO THEIR EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY A TAXON IS MONOPHYYLETIC IF A SINGLE ANCESTOR GAVE RISE TO ALL SPECIES IN THAT TAXON AND TO NO SPECIES PLACED IN ANY OTHER TAXON. PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESES ARE BASED ON HOMOLOGIES (SIMILARITIES DUE TO COMMON ANCESTRY)
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E. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PROVIDES POWERFUL NEW TOOLS FOR SYSTEMATICS EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS CAN BE REVEALED BY COMPARING AMINO ACID SEQUENCES OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES OF DNA AND RNA
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