1. 1 Today File Paths and File Extensions Files and Folders Defining Absolute and Relative Addresses Most Known File Extensions Your First Web Page Elements of a Web Page Creating an HTML Template Common Coding Errors Editing an HTML document Empty Tags Body Tag Attributes A Few Considerations Review Questions Exercise

2. 2 Objectives Understand an “absolute path” and it’s usage Use an HTML template to create a new web page Integrate into HTML documents meaningful titles and comments Use a browser to view Web pages saved on a local drive Employ heading and paragraph elements within a well-written HTML document Appropriately use line and paragraph breaks within a Web Page Use colors in a Web page

3. 3 File Paths and File Extensions CLASSSIFICATION...... The crucial term is : CLASSSIFICATION... Think about your File Organization by Windows Explorer My Computer c:/ HDD_1...... Level 1............ Level 2...... Level 1 d:/ HDD_2...... Level 1............ Level 2.................. Level 3...... Level 1 e:/ CdRom

4. 4 File Paths and File Extensions c:/ HDD_1 c:/...... Level 1...... Level 2c:/Level1/Level2...... Level 1 d:/ HDD_2...... Level 1d:/Level1...... Level 2...... Level 3d:/Level1/Level2/Level3...... Level 1 e:/ CdRom FILE is be a related description, so IT MUST HAVE AN EXTENSION means name.ext FOLDER is a containing description, so IT CONTAINS something else Tree ViewPath

5. 5 File Paths and File Extensions http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/bim/staff/arzuikinci/index.htm bim...... staff...... arzuikinci... index.htm Terms we generally use;. Root Folder: top level folder, use “/” (forward slash). Current Folder: folder you are working in. Pathname: from top level through lower level folder names, Don’t USE above for Folder and File names;. space (blank character). \ / : * ? “ |. turkish characters. capital letters

6. 6 File Paths and File Extensions ADDRESSING STRUCTURE is same as DIRECTORY LISTING you use in Dos. Our aim : TO REACH a definite FILE Our method: 1. find the FILE’s destination 2. define your addressing method (absolute/relative) 3. set the pathname... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS... is the full pathname of your file. begins with the top level directory listing through the lowest level.. find the File’s destination. and then, type this destination from the highest level.... RELATIVE ADDRESS... is the directory naming according to your working folder.. set your working folder in mind,. and target yourself to the file you want to reach,. the path you follow is the relative address of your file. use “../” to go up one folder use “/” to go forward

7. 7 File Paths and File Extensions... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS... RELATIVE ADDRESS... assume that; current folder : html current file : index.htm target file: family.jpg Absolute Address: homedirectory/public_html/jpegs/family.jpg Relative Address:../jpegs/family.jpg

8. 8 File Paths and File Extensions... ABSOLUTE ADDRESS... always you will write the full pathname (http://www....), so it is not efficient. you have to change all pathnames when you update somewhere in your site. leads to typing errors Think that someone saves your web site in his machine. Since the html source has the full pathname, it will go to your web site and get the files.... RELATIVE ADDRESS... important to set the path name from your current file’s folder to the target file’s folder. Examples from Front Page. 1. open a blank page. 2. do not save the page. 3.import an image to this page from a folder, and view the HTML Code part.

9. 9 File Paths and File Extensions instructor’s home directory classes stamp public_html email_notes index.htm mail1mail2 web_design assignments grades hw1 hw2 quiz1.htm fidelio edp_mis jpegs html family.jpg index.htm 1.htm Exercise for 5 min

10. 10 File Paths and File Extensions extension defines the type of file.... Why do we need?.... set the program we will open, edit, execute the file.... What about Internet Files?.... HTML files.htm.html. Programming files.asp.jsp.php... Most Known File Extensions....htm.html.asp.jsp.php.doc.xls.txt.ppt.jpg.gif.pdf.zip

11. 11 HTML HyperText Markup Language : open source coding + scripting. HTML is the way of interpreting most kind of files through a web browser..doc is a Word Document file; where it means you will create, edit, with the same tool : Ms Word. However,.html or.htm is non-platform based. Different platforms having common attributes defined by W3C. Not a word Processing tool and a desktop publishing solution. More complex and more general. Also contains programming codes, that all platforms understand.

12. 12 HTML... Elements of a Web Page... Empty elements (used for page formatting, no closing tags) Contatiners (used to manipulate, or control the contents placing within them)........ TAGS : the way you differentiate the text from coding. Can, this doesn't look so hard. Now I really want to learn HTML. The and are called as HTML tags

13. 13 HTML... Do I Need to Learn?.... If you want to understand background of the Web,. If you want to have control of unsatisfactory results of an authoring tool,. If you want to examine other’s HTML sources -especially to copy its code to your web page-,. If you want to make server side programming.

14. 14 HTML... How do We use TAGS... think TAG as a command which means. you want to implement something to a phrase,. you have only the TEXT tools,. so, you need to differentiate the phrase from the command. how can we differentiate the TAG from the phrase?. using “ ” for tags. using “<>” and “ ” for opening and closing a tag tags can be nested which means....

15. 15 HTML... Basic Web Page Structure (.htm or.html)... Document Hello World.......

16. 16 HTML HTML template of commonly used codes between doen’t seen from the browser only the descriptive information place of page between the code executed and viewed by the browser.......... Type them in to a file and save as html_tmp.htm

17. 17 HTML header data Description:provides descriptive information about a document as part of the header Type:container Identifies the other tags that make up the header html document Description:first and last line in every HTML document Type:container Document Type Beginning and Ending of a Web page

18. 18 HTML header data Description:Identifies the content of the Web page Type:container Attributes: alink, background, bgcolor, class, dir, id, lang, link, onclick, on dblclick,onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, onunload, style, text, title, vlink descriptive title Description:provides descriptive information about the document for display at the top of the screen, not in the body of the document Type:container It’s important:- Visitors may use in a bookmark, Favorite, or Hot List - Searching with “Title” - idea of the contents as soon as they arrive Good and Bad  Examples: Basic HTML commands stuff Pictures of Green Sea Turtles Really Cool Pictures of Turtles I have taken While On Vacation My Home Page TNT’s Ten Terrific Test İts appearence in a browser. Plain Text!

19. 19 HTML... Important notes for Coding.... White Space Does not Matter! This is Code:the first paragraph Returns:This is the first paragraph. Next Line; “Enter” does not work!. Break Code I don’t want new paragraph I want to continue from the next line ReturnsI don’t want new paragraph I want to continue from the next line

20. 20 HTML... Important notes for Coding.... Interpretation of Spaces, Tabs, and New Lines HTML document ignores extra spaces, tabs, and blank lines, and treats as a single space.  makes a space  makes a new line  makes a paragraph indent

21. 21 HTML... Style Tags (physical and logical)... A style is a set of formatting rules; alignment, size,color,font..... Fancy Heading 1 Heading Tag (H1-H6) Demonstration heading 1 heading 2 heading 3 heading 4 heading 5 heading 6

22. 22 HTML... Common Coding Errors... A missing tag results in the title not appearing in the title bar. Missing beginning tag results in having title in wrong place Missing ending tag, rest of the text will be in heading 1 format. forgetting the ending tag Reversing the order of ending tag Placing the slash in the ending tag in the wrong place Forgetting to place attribute values within quotes Forgetting one of the quotes around an attribute value Forgetting to include an octothorp (#) in front of an RGB hexadecimal number Using less than or more than six digits in an RGB hexadecimal number.

23. 23 HTML... More Web Page Elements... Description:Used to annotate an HTML document (browsers ignore any text enclosed within this tag) Type:empty Attributes: none Special Note: used to identify the author and original creation date of the document or to take some notes. What? Why? Why?

24. 24 HTML... More Web Page Elements... heading, heading,...., heading Description:Identifies one of six levels of heading Type:container Attributes:align, class, dir, id, lang, onclick, on dblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, style, title. paragraph Description:Identifies a continuous string of text within the page Type:container Attributes:align, class, dir, id, lang, onclick, on dblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, on mousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup, style, title.

25. 25 HTML... Editing an HTML Document... Use ASCII editor to create and save your document: File / Save (As) *.htm or *. html To Preview your document: Browser  File / Open *.htm or *. html To display saved changes in your document: Browser  Refresh or Reload Just a note on safety: save backup(s) of your document: File / Save (As) *.001, *. 002,.....

26. 26 HTML... Body Tag Attributes...... background color: background image: text color: link colors: <body link=“#ff0000” vlink=“#ff0000” alink = “#ff00ff”>

27. 27 HTML... Key Terms... Attributes Comments Container Element Empty Element Horizontal Rule Line Break Paragraph Style... New Tags...

28. 28 HTML... Review Questions... 1.Define each of the key terms. 2.How are each of the tags introduced in this lecture used? (provide examples) 3.Which HTML tags should be included in a minimal HTML template? 4.What tag must be included in every cotainer element. 5.Give three resons why the element should be used. 6.Name 5 common HTML coding errors. 7.How do you update a browser’s screen after changing the content or tags in the related HTML document? 8.How are comments used within an HTML document? 9.When using a graphical browser, how do you save background images like?