1. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Micro- Rain- Radar Local Area Weather Radar Cloud Radar Meteorological Institute University Hamburg Gerhard Peters

2. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 MRR (Micro Rain Radar) characteristics Radar Wavelength =1.25 cm Transmit Power50 mW ModulationFM-CW Beam width (2 way 6 dB) 2° AntennaOffset parabola Number of range gates31 Time Resolution10 s Spectral Velocity Resolution0.191 m/s Nyquist Velocity Range0-12.3 m/s Number of power spectra in 1 s  25 Min. detectable radar reflectivity (z=1000 m, dz=100 m, dt=60 s) -2 dBZ

3. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10

10. Spectral Modes Top: Time-diameter cross section of slope of spectral rainrate The red lines indicate spectral maxima The red lines indicate height of melting layer Bottom: Time-height cross section of rain rate

11. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Integral Modes 1 spectral maximum 2 spectral maxima

12. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 LAWR characteristics Fan-beam-antenna replaced by pencil beam (Offset Parabol, 85 cm) Polarization: Horizontal Scan Rate:24 rpm X-Band Transceiver:Fixed to Antenna Unit Transmit power: 12 kW peak Frequency: 9410 ± 30 MHz (X-Band) Pulse width, Pulse repetition rate 0.08 µs/2100 Hz 0.3 µs/1200 Hz 0.8 µs/600 Hz Sampling Rate10 MHz (corresponds to 15 m range resolution) Digital power resolution0.005 dB Dynamic range70 dB Beam width2.5 ° (3dB 1 way) Antenna Gain > 30 dBi Beam Elevation: +3° to + 20° (adjustable). Sensitivity: 0 dBZ, (5 km range, 0.08 µs pulse width, 30 s time integration, 60 m range integration, 2° azimuth integration) Based on Nautical Radar Furuno, Type FR7112

13. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 LAWR characteristics

14. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Proposed radar sites LAWR 14 MRR sites

15. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 What is a Cloud Radar? Clouds Drizzle Rain weather radar cloud radar drop diameter μm

16. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Cloud Radar MIRA 36 characteristics

17. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Minimum Height200 m Measuring Range15 km Range Resolution 15, 30, 45, and 60 m Doppler Velocity Resolution0.05 m/sec Maximum Unambiguous Velocity ±15 m/sec Number of Gates (max)500 FFT Length128, 256, and 512 Minimum Dwell Time0.1 sec Antenna Beam Width 0.6 deg. X 0.6 deg. Number of Gates with Simultaneously Stored Raw Data (max) 8 Sensitivity at 5 km (the integration time of 0.1 sec.) -41 dBZ Cloud Radar MIRA 36 measurement characteristics

18. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Frequency36.5 +/- 0.5 GHz Peak Power (max)30 kW Tube Typemagnetron Pulse Width100-400 ns Pulse Repetition Frequency2.5, 5, and 7.5 kHz Minimum Detectable Signal-104 dBm Sampling Rate50 MHz Sampling Resolution12 bit Type of Bus for the Signal Processing BoardPCI Operation System of the Host ComputerLinux or Windows Network ProtocolTCP/IP Antenna Diameter1 m Sidelobe Level-20 dB Power Supply230V+/-10% AC Power Consumption (max)1.3 kW Weight140 kg Cloud Radar MIRA 36 technical characteristics

19. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Reflectivity Linear Depolarization Ratio Mean Doppler Velocity No Precipitation Drizzle Elmshorn 2006-10-01 Cloud radar Products

20. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Geesthacht 2000-09-06 12:52 Cloud radar Products

21. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Geesthacht 2000-09-04 21:09 Cloud radar Products

22. COPS-GOP-WS3 Hohenheim 2006_04_10 Cloud radar radar site?