1. the LITERATURE of science. by Robert Perry LITERATURE

2. Copyrights: Robert Perry zalophus@ucla.edu The images in this presentation were taken from the public domain of the Web. They are presented here for non-profit, educational purposes only, and presentations are password- protected to prevent open public downloads. Questions or Comments about the contents of this presentation should be directed to me. Thank you,

3. Presentation outline: 1- What is scientific literature? 2- What is a scientific journal? 3- What is peer-review? 4- How does publishing relate to scientific careers? 5- What is a review of literature? 6- What are primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in science? 7- What does this all mean for your own research report?

4. What is scientific LITERATURE ? 1.

5. Scientific LITERATURE is anything published about a field of science. It ranges from very technical sources to popular magazines, science TV shows and web sites.

6. What is a JOURNAL ? 2.2.

7. The most important medium of communication in the sciences is the peer reviewed journal.

8. Scientific journals publish articles which summarize original research by expert scientists in a specific field.

9. Some examples of scientific journals: APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPLIED OPTICS AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING AQUACULTURE AQUACULTURE RESEARCH AQUATIC BOTANY AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE & FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS ARCHIV FUR HYDROBIOLGIE ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY & SOCIOBIOLOGY BIO SYSTEMS BIOCHEMICAL & BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS & ECOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA BIOFOULING BIOGEOCHEMISTRY BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS BOTANICA MARINA BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY CHEMICAL GEOLOGY

10. CHEMISTRY & ECOLOGY CHEMOSPHERE CHINESE JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES = SCIENTIA ATMOSPHERICA SINICA CLADISTICS CLIMATE DYNAMICS CLIMATIC CHANGE COASTAL ENGINEERING COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY. COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY & PETROLOGY CRETACEOUS RESEARCH CURRENT ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES & OCEANS EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS EARTH OBSERVATION & REMOTE SENSING ARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS THE JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH GEOMORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS ECLOGAE GEOLOGICAE HELVETIAE : JOURNAL OF THE SWISS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING ECOLOGICAL MODELLING EMBO JOURNAL ENGINEERING GEOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY ESTUARINE, COASTAL & SHELF SCIENCE ETHOLOGY

11. EUROPEAN METEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN = EUROPAISCHER WETTERBERICHT FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY FISHERIES RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON FISHERIES SCIENCE FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE FRESHWATER BIOLOGY GENE GEOARCHAEOLOGY GEOCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA GEODERMA GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MEMOIR GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA SPECIAL PAPERS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON JOURNAL GEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN GEOMORPHOLOGY GEOPHYSICAL & ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS GEOTHERMICS GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE & OCEAN SYSTEM HYDROBIOLOGIA INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS & MINING SCIENCES INTERNATIONALE REVUE DER GESAMTEN HYDROBIOLOGIE JOURNAL OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC & SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY

12. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH PARTS S & M JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES & APPLICATIONS JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS JOURNAL OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION JOURNAL OF GEODESY JOURNAL OF GEODYNAMICS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH A--E JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY JOURNAL OF ICHTHYOLOGY JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY JOURNAL OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Etc.

13. In Life Sciences, there are over 9,000 different journals world- wide. Each year these journals publish over 500,000 articles reporting work done in this branch of science.

14. 1. The on-going research process

15. Propose Research 1. The on-going research process

16. Propose Research 1. 2. The on-going research process $$ Grant

17. Propose Research Conduct Research 1. 2. 3. The on-going research process $$ Grant

18. Propose Research Conduct Research P U B L I S H Journal Article 1. 2. 3. 4. The on-going research process $$ Grant

19. Examples of journal articles:

26. The most important medium of communication in the sciences is the peer reviewed journal.

27. What is meant by the PEER REVIEW process ? 3.3.

28. PEER REVIEW is an organized method for evaluating scientific work which is used by scientists to certify the correctness of procedures, establish the plausibility of results, and allocate scarce resources such as journal space, research funds, recognitions and special honors.

29. PEER REVIEW is the defining characteristic of scholarly scientific journals.

30. A review board or referee board must study, scrutinize and try to find any errors in a proposed article before is is accepted for publication in a scientific journal.

31. Propose Research $$ Grant Conduct Research P U B L I S H Journal Article 1. 2. 3. 4. PRV PRV = PEER REVIEW

32. How do peer reviewed journal articles relate to scientific careers ? 4.4.

34. Journal articles are the end product of scientific research.

35. Publishing articles is what research scientists DO.

36. If you do not publish articles then you are not a research scientist. old saying: “publish or perish”

37. What is a literature review ? 5.5.

38. A literature review is usually part of the Introduction to a journal article.

39. The Introduction... tells the history behind the research decribed in the article. The review of literature is the story of the research findings of the past that led up to the current project.... states the scientific purpose, explaining what the research will accomplish.

40. The lit. review is a summary of all the relevant previously published articles.

41. Articles cited in the Introduction are referenced in the Bibliography.

42. Articles referenced in the Bibliography are cited in the Introduction.

43. What are primary sources secondary sources & tertiary sources of scientific literature ? 6.6.

44. primary sources Scientific journals are primary sources of literature.

45. secondary sources - Abstracts. - Review series. Reviews and abstracts are published periodically to present an organized summary of all the journal articles that have come out in a specific field and within a specific time frame.

46. tertiary sources - Science magazines - Newspapers - TV shows - Web sites - Nature videos - Textbooks

47. What will does review of literature mean for your Beach Research Project ? ? ? 7.7.

48. Your long term research report is modeled after a journal article !

49. Title Name(s) Introduction Materials (page 2) Abstract: (some journals ask the author to abstract his/her own article)

50. Your Title Your Name Your Introduction Your Materials

51. Your Intro will summarize each of the articles you read. It will summarize how they relate to the purpose and the results of your long term research this year.

52. Each article you read must be cited using the authors last name and the date his work was published.

53. Each article you read must be cited using the authors last name and the date his work was published.

54. Summary: 1- What is scientific literature? 2- What is a scientific journal? 3- What is peer-review? 4- How does publishing relate to scientific careers? 5- What is a review of literature? 6- What are primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in science? 7- What does this all mean for your own research report?

55. THE END