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Multiple Intelligences
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定義 Human intelligence has the following characteristics: Human intelligence has the following characteristics: 1. A set of skills that enable a person to resolve genuine problems encountered in life. 2. The ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a culture.
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定義 3. The potential for recognizing or creating problems, thereby establishing the necessity for the new knowledge.
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1. Singular/multiple. 2. Unique blend of dynamic intelligences 3. Vary in development 4. Dynamic 5. Be identified and described 6. Recognize and develop 7. To enhance another intelligence Principles of MI
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8.Personal background 9.To provide 10.Pure intelligence 11.Developmental theory 12.Be subject to change
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Multiple Intelligences Related work by psychologist Howard Gardner ( 1983 ) on multiple intelligences has been influential in language teaching circles. Related work by psychologist Howard Gardner ( 1983 ) on multiple intelligences has been influential in language teaching circles. Gardner has theorized that individuals have at least 8 distinct intelligences that can be developed over a lifetime. Gardner has theorized that individuals have at least 8 distinct intelligences that can be developed over a lifetime.
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Logical/mathematical * to use numbers effectively * to see abstract patterns * to reason well * to think of cause and effect connections * to understand relationships among actions, objects or ideas objects or ideas * to calculate * to quantify * to consider propositions and perform complex mathematical operations complex mathematical operations * inductive and deductive reasoning skills * critical and creative problem-solving
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Visual /spatial * to orient oneself in the environment * to create mental images * a sensitivity to shape, size, color * to think in pictures and perceive the visual world accurately visual world accurately * to think in three-dimensions and transform one’s perceptions and re- transform one’s perceptions and re- create aspects of one’s visual create aspects of one’s visual experience via imagination experience via imagination
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Body/kinesthetic *, to use one ’ s body to express oneself and solve problems and solve problems * to think in movement and use the body in skilled and complicated ways for skilled and complicated ways for expressive as well as goal-directed expressive as well as goal-directed activities activities * a sense of timing and coordination for whole body movement whole body movement * the use of hands for manipulating objects
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Musical/rhythmic * to recognize tonal patterns and a sensitivity of sounds, rhythms, rhymes, sensitivity of sounds, rhythms, rhymes, pitches, timbres, melodies pitches, timbres, melodies * to recognize, create and reproduce music by using an instrument or the voice by using an instrument or the voice * involve active listening and a strong connection between music and emotions connection between music and emotions
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Interpersonal * to have empathy and recognize distinctions among people and to distinctions among people and to appreciate their perspectives with a appreciate their perspectives with a sensitivity to their moods, feelings, sensitivity to their moods, feelings, motivations, and intentions motivations, and intentions * to interact effectively with one or more people among family, friends or working people among family, friends or working relationships relationships
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Intrapersonal * to understand oneself and to self- discipline discipline * to be aware of one’s strengths and weaknesses and to plan effectively weaknesses and to plan effectively to achieve personal goals to achieve personal goals * to reflect on and monitor one’s thoughts and feelings and regulate thoughts and feelings and regulate them effectively them effectively * to monitor oneself in interpersonal relationships and to act with relationships and to act with personal efficacy personal efficacy
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Verbal/linguistic * to think in words and to use language effectively and creatively language effectively and creatively to express an understand complex to express an understand complex meanings meanings * sensitivity to the meaning of words, sounds, rhythms, and inflections sounds, rhythms, and inflections
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Naturalistic ( the eighth intelligences added in 1999 ) Naturalistic ( the eighth intelligences added in 1999 ) * to be knowledgeable about and comfortable in the natural world the natural world * to understand the natural world including plants, animals, and scientific studies animals, and scientific studies * to recognize and classify individual s, species, and ecological relationships and ecological relationships * to interact effectively with living creatures and discern patterns of life and natural forces discern patterns of life and natural forces
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Christison ( 1996 ) and Armstrong ( 1994 ) give us examples of activities that fit each type of intelligence.
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Logical/mathematical # puzzles and games # logical # sequential presentations # classifications and categorizations # problem solving (skill in organization, problem solving, and logical reasoning; curiosity and solving, and logical reasoning; curiosity and investigation ) investigation ) # calculations ( ability to work with numbers for mathematical operations such as addition and mathematical operations such as addition and division ) division )
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Visual/spatial # charts and grids # videos # drawing # imagery ( use of mental imagery for observation, artistic, creative, and other visual observation, artistic, creative, and other visual activities ) activities ) # artistic design ( to create artistic designs, drawings, painting or other crafts ) drawings, painting or other crafts ) # construction ( to be able to make, build or assemble things ) assemble things )
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Body/kinesthetic # hands-on activities # field trips # pantomime # physical skill ( ability to move the whole body for physical activities such as balancing, coordination, physical activities such as balancing, coordination, and sports ) and sports ) # dancing, acting ( to use the body in expressive, rhythmic, and imitative ways ) rhythmic, and imitative ways ) # working with hands ( to use hands with dexterity and skill for detailed activities and small work ) and skill for detailed activities and small work )
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Musical/rhythmic # singing # playing music # jazz chants # musical ability ( awareness of and sensitivity to music, rhythms, tunes, and melody ) # instrument ( skill and experience in playing a musical instrument ) musical instrument ) # vocal ( a good voice for singing in tune and along with other people ) # appreciation ( actively enjoys listening to music )
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Interpersonal # pairwork # project work # group problem-solving # understanding people ( sensitivity to and understanding of other people ’ s moods, feelings and point of view ) # getting along with others ( able to maintain good relationships with other people especially friends and siblings ) # leadership ( to take a leadership role among people through problem solving and influence )
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Intrapersonal # self-evaluation # journal keeping # options for homework # knowing myself ( awareness of one ’ s own ideas, abilities, and personal decision making skill ) # goal awareness ( awareness of goals and self correction and monitoring in light of a goal ) # managing feelings ( ability to regulate one ’ s feelings, moods, and emotional responses )
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Verbal/linguistic # note-taking # story telling # debates # linguistic sensitivity ( skill in the use of words for expressive and practical purposes ) expressive and practical purposes ) # reading ( skill in reading ) # writing ( ability and interest in writing projects such as poems, stories, books or letters ) # speaking ( skill in oral communication for persuasion, memorization, and description )
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Naturalistic # animal care ( skill for understanding animal behavior, needs, and characteristics ) # plant care ( ability to work with plants such as gardening, farming, and horticulture ) # science ( knowledge of natural living energy forces including cooking weather and physics )
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