1. Athens and the Panatheneia
The Parthenon, the Temple of Athena, in Athens.

2. Geography
Athens

3. Athens and Athena

4. Athena (Minerva) Greek name: Athena Roman name: Minerva
Epithets (other names): Pallas, owl-eyed
Parentage: Zeus-Metis
Origin: Aegean city goddess
Concerns: defensive warfare, wisdom, arts and crafts
Attributes: goatskin, Gorgon's head, owl, olive, helmet

5. Greek Religion and the Nature of the Divine
ATHENA
GOD—HERO—HUMAN
ANTHROPOMORPHISM
POLYTHEISM
MONOTHEISM
CIVIC DEITY
ATHENS-ATHENA
Relief of the "Mourning Athena". The goddess is clad in an Attic peplos with a belt and slightly bends her head towards the stele depicted in front of her. Dated to ca. 460 B.C. Inv. no Acropolis Museum. Athens.

6. The Panathenaia and the Parthenon
Worship of Athena
City Festival (Panathenaia)
Glory of the Polis (Athens)
Athens as the School of Greece

7. The Athenian Acropolis

10. Acropolis Timeline
B.C. Persians destroyed most of the buildings of the Acropolis in Athens.
B.C. Construction of Parthenon under Pericles. Ictinus and Callicrates as architects and Pheidias as sculptor.
391 A.D. The Emperor Theodosius closes all pagan temples. Parthenon becomes a Christian Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
1204 The Franks into a Catholic Church
1458 The Turks into a Mosque
1674 French artist Jacques Carrey sketches the Parthenon
1687 Acropolis bombarded during Venetian siege. Parthenon receives a direct hit on Sept. 26
1806 Thomas Bruce (Lord Elgin) removes sculptures from Parthenon
1816 Elgin Marbles displayed at British Museum
Greek War of Independence

11. Pericles
For this reason are the works of Pericles all the more to be wondered at; they were created in a short time for all time. Each one of them, in its beauty, was even then and at once antique; but in the freshness of its vigor it is, even to the present day, recent and newly wrought. Such is the bloom of perpetual newness, as it were, upon these works of his, which makes them ever to look untouched by time, as though the unfaltering breath of an ageless spirit had been infused into them. Plutarch. Life of Pericles

13. Pheidias and Athena Parthenos

15. Parthenon (Nashville)

17. 1. Foundation
2. Krepidoma
3. Stylobat
4. Cella wall
5. Internal Pillars
6. Roof Tiles
7. External Pillars (Peristyle)
8. Epistyle
9. Triglyph
10. Metope
11. Pediment

18. Competitions for Rhapsodes and Athletes
Panathenaia
Festival for Athena
Competitions for Rhapsodes and Athletes
Panathenaic Procession
A Good Website on Panathenaic Festival

19. Panathenaic Stadium

20. History of the Stadium
originally a small natural valley, between the two hills of Agra and Ardettos, over Ilissos river
transformed into a stadium by Lykourgos in BC
north semicircular wall added in Roman times
Restored/rebuilt in late 19th century
Used for two modern Olympics (1896 and 2004)

21. 19th Century Reconstruction

22. Athens Olympics 1896

23. Athens Olymics 2004

25. Panathenaic Contests musical and rhapsodic contests
athletic contests for boys and youths
athletic contests for men
equestrian contests
tribal contests
torch race and pannychos (nocturnal ritual): procession and sacrifice
apobatês and boat races
awarding of prizes: feasting and celebration

28. Panathenaic Procession

31. Panathenaic Procession
four little girls carrying a peplos for the life-size statue of Athena Polias
priestesses of Athena and Athenian women carrying gifts
sacrificial animals (cows and sheep)
metics (resident aliens), wearing purple robes and carrying on trays cakes and honeycombs for offerings
musicians playing the aulos and the kithara.
a colossal peplos (for Athena Parthenos) hung on the mast of a ship on wheels
old men carrying olive branches9
four-horse chariots with a charioteer and fully armed man (apobatês)
craftswomen (ergastinai - weavers of peplos)
infantry and cavalry
victors in the games
ordinary Athenians arranged by deme

32. Preparing Athena’s peplos.
Hydria Bearers
Seated Gods: Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis.
Athenian riders preparing to mount

33. Panathenaic Procession on the Parthenon Freize

34. The “Elgin Marbles”

35. The British Museum: and the Elgin Marbles

36. The Elgin Marbles:

37. Keats’ “On Seeing the Elgin Marbles”
On Seeing the Elgin Marbles for the First Time by John Keats (1817)
My spirit is too weak; mortality
Weighs heavily on me like unwilling sleep,
And each imagined pinnacle and steep
Of godlike hardship tells me I must die
Like a sick eagle looking at the sky.
Yet 'tis a gentle luxury to weep,
That I have not the cloudy winds to keep
Fresh for the opening of the morning's eye.
Such dim-conceived glories of the brain
Bring round the heart an indescribable feud;
So do these wonders a most dizzy pain,
That mingles Grecian grandeur with the rude
Wasting of old Time -with a billowy main,
A sun, a shadow of a magnitude.
Dionysos (?) from the East Pediment

38. The New Acropolis Museum

40. Panathenaic Procession on the Parthenon Freize

45. Diphrophoros (couch carrier)

49. Parthenon’s East Pediment
Dionysos (?) from the East Pediment
"Three Fates" from the East Pediment of the Parthenon.

51. West Pediment: Athena and Poseidon

52. West Pediment