1. Voice

2. Anatomy

3. ApeHuman Greater risk of choking in exchange for speaking

4. Vocal chords

6. Vocal chords at work

7. The sound wave produces by the vocal chords contains many frequencies that may or may not be enhanced by the resonances (formants) of the vocal tract 6dB/octave

8. Roughly: L = 17 cm from mouth to vocal folds L = 17 cm from mouth to vocal folds f = v/4L x 1 ~ 500 Hz f = v/4L x 1 ~ 500 Hz v/4L x 3 ~ 1500 Hz v/4L x 3 ~ 1500 Hz...... Higher than anybody’s talking voices (100-200 Hz)

9. someone saying the vowel in “heard”

10. Formants stay fixed as pitch changes

11. Formants change depending on the vowel

13. http://coo.med.rug.nl/pas/Conf_contrib/Miller/Miller- 3tekstenmetaudioenbmp-voor-PAS/for%20PAS%20oral/millesoral.htm Singer’s formant