1. Axial & Appendicular
Skeletal System
Ch 7 & 8

2. Axial Skeleton

3. Appendicular Skeleton

4. Types of Bones
Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
Sesamoid- patella

5. Bone Classification
sesamoid

6. Bone Markings Depression & Openings: Processes: Fissure Condyle
Foramen
Fossa
Sulcus
Meatus
Processes:
Condyle
Facet
Head
Crest
Epicondyle
Line
Spinous process
Trochanter
Tubercle
Tuberocity

7. Bone Markings Two types of bone markings:
Projections (aka processes) that grow out from the bone
Depressions (cavities) that indent the bone

8. Joint Projections
1) Condyle: Rounded articular projection
Condyle

9. Joint Projections 2) Head: bony expansion on a narrow neck
3) Facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface

10. Joint Projections
4) Ramus: Armlike bar of bone

11. Ligament/Tendon Projections
1) Crest: Narrow ridge of bone (Line: smaller than a crest)
2) Epicondyle: Raised area on or above a condyle
ULNA

12. 3) Tubercle: Small rounded projection
4) Tuberosity: large rounded or roughened projection
5) Trochanter: very large, blunt projection
(only on femur)
Proximal Tibia

13. 6) Spine: Sharp, pointed projection
Thoracic Vertebrae

14. DEPRESSIONS Allow blood vessels or nerves to pass through.
1) Meatus: (me - A- tus) Canal or tube

15. Depressions 2) Fossa: shallow basin
3) Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening

16. Depressions
4) Sinus: Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with mucous membranes
5) Foramen: Round or oval opening
Foramen Magnum

17. Depressions
6) Sulcus, Groove or Furrow: a shallow depression

18. Review: Projections Condyle Head Facet Ramus Crest Epicondyle Tubercle
Tuberosity
Trochanter
Spine
Depressions
Meatus
Fossa
Fissure
Sinus
Sulcus or Groove or Furrow

19. Axial Skeleton
Cranium
Facial Bones
Anterior View

20. Axial Skeleton
Cranium
Facial Bones
Lateral View

21. Axial Skeleton
Posterior View

22. Axial Skeleton
Inferior View

23. Fetal Skull

24. Sinal Cavities Frontal Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
Warm and moisten air
Lighten the skull
Enhance voice resonance

25. The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae (7) Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Axial Skeleton
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

26. Fig a

27. Cervical Vertebrae

30. The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs (7) False Ribs (3)
Axial Skeleton
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)

31. Axial Skeleton
Sacrum & Coccyx

32. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

33. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

34. The Upper Limb (Forelimb)
Appendicular Skeleton
The Upper Limb (Forelimb)
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

35. Humorus

36. Ulna & Radius

37. Hand Bones
Some lovers try positions that they can’t handle

38. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis

39. Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis (lateral view)
Ilium
Acetabulum
Obturator
foramen
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium

40. Male vs Female Pelvis
                                         
        Female Pelvic Girdle
Male Pelvic Girdle

42. Appendicular Skeleton
The Lower Limb (Legs)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

43. Femur

44. Patella

45. Tibia & Fibula

46. Foot
phelangies
metatarsals
tarsals
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies

47. Disorders
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis

48. INQUIRY
What is the difference between the appendicular and axial skeleton?
What is a fontanel?
Weight bearing vertebrae are called?
Which vertebrae has transverse foramen?
What boned make up the orbit of the eye?
Which bones are the keystone to the facial bones and keystone to the cranial bones?
Where on the clavicle is the weakest spot and most likely to be broken?
List 3 functions of sinuses.