1. The Birth of Microbiology Kingdom Monera … The Bacteria

2. The Story of Microbiology From the time of the Romans to the late 1800’s it was believed that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. Eg. Maggots on rotting meat, mould on bread 1850’s “childbed fever” is reduced when med students are forced to wash their hands. Louis Pasteur:Louis Pasteur: rotting meat experiments  dispelled ‘spontaneous generation’

3. The Story of Microbiology Pasteur pasteurizationPasteur – Solved the French wine-spoilage problem. Used heat to destroy microbes …called “pasteurization”. Hypothesized that microbes could cause sickness… “Germ Theory”. Joseph ListerJoseph Lister – English surgeon…sterilizes surgical instruments…survival rates increase. Robert KochLate 1800’s- Robert Koch isolates and cultures bacteria responsible for anthrax in sheep and tuberculosis in humans.

4. What household product did they name after Joseph Lister?

5. The Classification of Living Things: All Living Things AnimaliaPlantaeMICROORGANIMS Monera Archebacteria Eubacteria FungiProtista

6. Kingdom Monera Archaebacteria:Archaebacteria: Primitive bacteria Survive under extreme conditions Types:Types: Thermophiles- extreme heat Methanogens- swamps, no O 2 Halophiles- salty enviro’s Eubacteria:Eubacteria: More advanced bacteria, more common

7. Bacteria 1.All bacteria are single celled. 2.All are prokaryotes (no nucleus). 3.Cell organelles are not surrounded by membranes. 4.DNA is made of a single chromosome in a ring called a plasmid. 5.Most reproduce asexually.

8. Bacteria Shapes: Shapes: Coccus Bacillus SpirillumPrefixes: 1 = mono 2 = diplo Chain = strepto Cluster = staphylo

9. What do you see???

10. Nutrition HeterotrophsHeterotrophs: (most) Parasites (absorb nutrients from living orgs.) … or… Saprobes (decay dead matter) AutotrophsAutotrophs- (few) Use sunlight (cyanobacteria)

11. Respiration Occurs in the inner cell membrane Aerobic Bacteria (need O 2 ) Anaerobic Bacteria (no O 2 needed) -Eg. Clostridium Botulinum…Carrot juice

12. Reproduction 1.Binary fission  Asexual 2.Conjugation  Sexual …leads to resistance to antibiotics

13. Reproduction 3. Endospores – When conditions are unfavourable the bacteria forms a protective wall and lies dormant until conditions improve. Endospores in a human lung

15. Helpful Bacteria Nitrogen Fixation: Converts N 2 to the more useful NO 3 Nutrient Cycles: Decompose Matter Waste Management & Bioremediation Sewage Treatment (We produce 5 billion kg a day…bacteria break it down!)

16. Harmful Bacteria A small percentage are Pathogenic (disease causing) These bacteria produce deadly toxins or effects. E.g. Coliform levels in water = fecal pathogens Examples: Pneumonia, tuberculosis, botulism, Flesh Eating Disease Streptococcus Necrotizing Fasciitis