1. Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
Lecture 3

2. Telencephalon - Cortex
Gray Matter
Somas and Dendrites
Neocortex - 6 layers
Sensory input ---> layer IV
Motor output ---> layer V
Paleocortex - 2 or 3 layers ~

3. Telencephalon - Fiber Systems
White Matter - myelinated axons
3 types of fiber systems
Commissural
Association
Projection ~

4. Commissural Fibers
Interconnect homologous structures in the two hemispheres
Corpus Callosum
Anterior and Posterior
Hippocampal ~

5. Anterior
Anterior

6. Association Fibers
interconnect cortical areas within each hemisphere
Projection Fibers
all other fiber systems
Fornix
Corticospinal tract
Mammillothalamic tract
Naming convention ~

7. Hemispheres
Left Right
Association
Commissural
Projection

8. The Limbic System Emotion Learning & Memory Structures Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
Fornix ~

9. Limbic System Cingulate gyrus Hippocampus Fornix Thalamus Hypothalamus
Amygdala

10. Basal Ganglia Extrapyramidal Motor System Caudate Putamen Striatum
Globus Pallidus
Claustrum
Amygdala
no motor function ~
Striatum
Lenticular
Nucleus

11. Caudate
Globus
pallidus
Putamen
Amygdala

12. Claustrum

13. Diencephalon Surrounds third ventricle Thalamus
sensory and motor relay nuclei
Hypothalamus
motivation & emotion ~

14. Thalamus Lateral Geniculate Nuclei - LGN
vision
Medial Geniculate Nuclei - MGN
audition
Ventroposterior Nuclei - VPL & VPM
somatosensation
Massa Intermedia - crosses midline ~

15. Hypothalamus fighting 4Fs feeding fleeing, and ... mating
Controls the pituitary gland ~

17. Diencephalon: thalamus
Massa
Intermedia
MGN
LGN

18. Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Stalk

19. Mesencephalon Surrounds cerebral aqueduct Tectum
Superior Colliculi - vision
Inferior Colliculi - audition
Tegmentum

20. Thalamus
Superior
Colliculi
Inferior
Colliculi
Tectum

21. Tegmentum Periaqueductal Gray - pain
Reticular Formation - sleep and arousal, attention
Red Nucleus and Substantia Nigra - motor system
Ventral Tegmental Area - VTA - reinforcement

22. Cross-section of Tegmentum
Reticular
formation
Dorsal
PAG
Red
Nucleus
Substantia
Nigra
Ventral
Tegmental
Area

23. Metencephalon Surrounds fourth ventricle Cerebellum
coordinates movements
Pons
Sleep and arousal
Reticular formation ~

24. Cerebellum
Pons

25. Myelencephalon Medulla - “Vital Centers” Thalamus Reticular formation

26. Spinal Cord
Dorsal
Ventral
Gray
Matter
White
Matter
Central
Canal

27. Spinal Cord
Dorsal
Horns
Dorsal
Lateral
Ventral
Ventral

28. Spinal cord Dorsal horn - sensory input Lateral horn - autonomic N.S.
Ventral horn - motor output ~