1. Dance Music 1985 to the Present Day The New GCSE Topic for September 2006

2. Common Musical Features in Dance Music Metre:4 strong beats in a bar. Metre:4 strong beats in a bar. Use of studio and live technology to create and manipulate sounds. Use of studio and live technology to create and manipulate sounds. DJ and producer turntable skills (scratching, pitch matching etc). DJ and producer turntable skills (scratching, pitch matching etc). Remixing and sampling existing material across all genres of music. Remixing and sampling existing material across all genres of music. Use of rap and MC-ing. Use of rap and MC-ing. Loud and extravagant bass lines. Loud and extravagant bass lines. Rhythm, pulse and tempo more important than melody or harmony. Rhythm, pulse and tempo more important than melody or harmony.

3. Edexcel Specification

4. Jamaican DUB Based on1960s Jamaican Reggae Based on1960s Jamaican Reggae King Tubby (Bob Marley’s Producer) / Lee “Scratch” Perry King Tubby (Bob Marley’s Producer) / Lee “Scratch” Perry Dub as in overdub, either effects or new sounds Dub as in overdub, either effects or new sounds Creativity born of a desire to save money Creativity born of a desire to save money Used originally for ‘B’ Used originally for ‘B’sides

5. Funk From late 1960s onwards From late 1960s onwards James Brown, The Meters, George Clinton, Funkadelic, later developed by Earth Wind & Fire and the Tower of Power. James Brown, The Meters, George Clinton, Funkadelic, later developed by Earth Wind & Fire and the Tower of Power. Evolved from a combination Soul and Jazz. Evolved from a combination Soul and Jazz. To create as intense groove as possible. To create as intense groove as possible. Syncopated Rhythms, thick bass line, chanted vocals, rhythm orientated horn sections, razor- sharp rhythm guitar, prominent percussion, upbeat attitude, African tones, danceability, jazz influences. Syncopated Rhythms, thick bass line, chanted vocals, rhythm orientated horn sections, razor- sharp rhythm guitar, prominent percussion, upbeat attitude, African tones, danceability, jazz influences. Reaction to the complexity of modern Reaction to the complexity of modern jazz and be-bop. jazz and be-bop.

6. Disco Disco developed during the 1970s in New York’s Disco developed during the 1970s in New York’s gay clubs. Longer songs, the development of the 12 inch single assisted this. Longer songs, the development of the 12 inch single assisted this. The film “Saturday Night Fever” brought the disco style to a global audience. The film “Saturday Night Fever” brought the disco style to a global audience. Many venues for “live” music became discos and live musicians found work difficult to find. Many venues for “live” music became discos and live musicians found work difficult to find. Key Ingredients: 120 BPM with a strongly emphasised beat, clear-cut rhythms throughout, simple verse & chorus structure and memorable melody. Key Ingredients: 120 BPM with a strongly emphasised beat, clear-cut rhythms throughout, simple verse & chorus structure and memorable melody.

7. European Synth Pop Derived from the “Krautrock” bands of the 1970s- Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream & Can. Other influences Gary Numan and Jean-Michel Jarre. Derived from the “Krautrock” bands of the 1970s- Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream & Can. Other influences Gary Numan and Jean-Michel Jarre. The Moog and Mini-Moog synthesisers in the 1970s The Moog and Mini-Moog synthesisers in the 1970s New, cheaper, polyphonic synthesisers – Roland JV, Yamaha DX7 & Korg M1 in the 1980s. New, cheaper, polyphonic synthesisers – Roland JV, Yamaha DX7 & Korg M1 in the 1980s. Bands such as Depeche Mode, A-HA, The Pet Shop Boys, Erasure. Bands such as Depeche Mode, A-HA, The Pet Shop Boys, Erasure. The first commercial fully electronic music The first commercial fully electronic music Characterised by metronomic rhythms and sparse arrangements. Characterised by metronomic rhythms and sparse arrangements.

8. House 1985- Present day 1985- Present day 110-130 bpm Disco Tempo 4/4 Beats 110-130 bpm Disco Tempo 4/4 Beats Named after the Warehouse Club in Chicago Named after the Warehouse Club in Chicago Frankie Knuckles, Farley “Jackmaster” Funk, Jamie Principle Frankie Knuckles, Farley “Jackmaster” Funk, Jamie Principle Uses existing recordings from the 1970s with synthetic drums and bass added by machines such as the Roland TR909 & TB303 Uses existing recordings from the 1970s with synthetic drums and bass added by machines such as the Roland TR909 & TB303

9. Garage Named after New York’s “Paradise Garage” Club Named after New York’s “Paradise Garage” Club Derived from R ‘n’ B and Soul (James Brown) Derived from R ‘n’ B and Soul (James Brown) 110-130 Bpm 110-130 Bpm Similar to house but with different style samples used Similar to house but with different style samples used

10. TECHNO 130-150 Bpm All Electronic Instruments 130-150 Bpm All Electronic Instruments Heavy use of Sequencers & Samplers, drum machines & DJ Skills. Heavy use of Sequencers & Samplers, drum machines & DJ Skills. An entire studio used as as a single instrument. An entire studio used as as a single instrument. Any melody can have the techno treatment Any melody can have the techno treatment Inspired by Euro-synth pop such as Jean-Michel Jarre and electronics pioneers Kraftwerk Inspired by Euro-synth pop such as Jean-Michel Jarre and electronics pioneers Kraftwerk Popular in Central Europe Popular in Central Europe

11. Hip-Hop 80-110 Bpm Slower than other dance music 80-110 Bpm Slower than other dance music Rap is an essential ingredient Rap is an essential ingredient Use of vocal sampling Use of vocal sampling Music of the urban black American (Eminem being the notable exception) Music of the urban black American (Eminem being the notable exception) Melodic content often takes a back seat Melodic content often takes a back seat

12. Drum ‘n’ Bass An electronic genre, also known as Jungle An electronic genre, also known as Jungle Heavy emphasis on fast tempo Heavy emphasis on fast tempo drums with intricate bass lines. drums with intricate bass lines. A British invention A British invention Tempo usually between 170-180 Bpm Tempo usually between 170-180 Bpm Requires uncommonly loud and large sound systems to appreciate the extra low bass frequencies. Requires uncommonly loud and large sound systems to appreciate the extra low bass frequencies.

13. Sample Listening Test Somebody to Love by Jefferson Airplane & Somebody to Love by Boogie Pimps Listen first to the Jefferson Airplane version (1967), then to the Boogie Pimps (2003). How is the original track used in the remix? Is it used in it’s entirety, only snippets or both? How is the original track used in the remix? Is it used in it’s entirety, only snippets or both? Does the remix use the same chord pattern as the original or has it changed? Does the remix use the same chord pattern as the original or has it changed? Does the remix only use music from the original or does it include new music of its own? Does the remix only use music from the original or does it include new music of its own?