1. Lesson Planning
Educ 3100

2. Backwards Design 1. Identify Desired Results
2. Determine Acceptable Evidence
OBJECTIVES
ASSESSMENTS
3. Plan of Action
LESSONS

3. Identify the Desired Results
What do I want students to know and be able to do?
Unpacking the Standards
Getting information into “teachable chunks”

4. Backwards Design 1. Identify Desired Results
2. Determine Acceptable Evidence
OBJECTIVES
ASSESSMENTS
3. Plan of Action
LESSONS

5. Determine the Acceptable Evidence
How will I know that students know and are able to do it?
Align Assessments with Objectives

6. Backwards Design 1. Identify Desired Results
2. Determine Acceptable Evidence
OBJECTIVES
ASSESSMENTS
3. Plan of Action
LESSONS

7. Plan Instruction and Learning Experiences
What experiences and instruction do I need to provide to enable students to understand the concept and learn how to do it?
ENGAGING !
INTERESTING!
MOTIVATING!

8. Brainstorm
Think about effective lessons that you have experienced. What makes them work?
Think about ineffective lessons that you have experienced. What makes them NOT work?

9. Essential Elements
Optional Elements
Things to Avoid

10. Basic Lesson Plan Title Grade and Subject Topic:
State Core Objectives:
Lesson Objectives:
Prerequisite information:
Time:
Materials:
Procedure:
Introduction
Lesson Presentation
Differentiation (not needed in Level 1)
Assessment
Closure
Independent Practice

11. Task Analysis
What does a student have to be able to do in order to complete the task?
Behavioral Analysis
Identify the specific behaviors required to perform the task
Subject Matter Analysis
Break down the subject matter into specific topic, concepts, and principles
Information Processing Analysis
Specify the cognitive processes involved in a task
Ormrod
PBJ
What skills are essential without which the student will have great difficulty with the task?

12. Task analysis is only useful for cognitive skills and motor skills, not verbal information.
Why?

13. There Are Many Different Types of Lesson Plan Models
The type of lesson you pick is determined by your objectives.
How do I best teach students this topic?

14. Multiple Intelligence Lessons
Focus on a specific objective
Ask key Multiple Intelligence questions
Brainstorm instructional activities for each intelligence
Select appropriate activities
Complete the lesson plan form
Determine the proper sequence of activities

15. Lesson Planning ALA Madeline Hunter

16. Today’s Objective Describe the steps in a Hunter lesson plan
Create a lesson using the Hunter lesson plan

17. Hunter Lessons Anticipatory Set [hook] - Cue Set
Objectives and Purpose
Instructional Input – Best Shot
Modeling
Checking for understanding
Guided Practice
Independent Practice
Assessment
Formative assessments
Correctives
Extensions
Closure
Sometimes order is rearranged

18. The Steps: Anticipatory Set or Cue Set
Actions and statements by the teacher to relate the experiences of the students to the objectives of the lesson. To put students into a receptive frame of mind.
To connect to student prior knowledge.
to focus student attention on the lesson.
to create an organizing framework for the ideas, principles, or information that is to follow (the teaching strategy called "advance organizers.” Also think of Piaget and schemas).
to extend the understanding and the application of abstract ideas through the use of example or analogy...used any time a different activity or new concept is to be introduced.

19. The Steps: Objectives TELL THEM!
What, specifically, should the student be able to do, understand, care about as a result of the teaching?
TELL THEM!

20. The Steps: Instruction Input or Best Shot
Provide content and information
Explain concept
State definitions
Identify critical attributes
Provide examples
This can be done through direct teacher instruction, video, demonstration, questioning and discussion, and many other strategies

21. The Steps: Modeling
The teacher demonstrates the use of the skill or knowledge

22. The Steps: Checking for Understanding
Pose key questions
Ask students to explain concepts, definitions, attributes in their own words
Encourage students to generate their own examples
Use active participation

23. The Steps: Guided Practice
Initiate practice activities that are under direct teacher supervision
Elicit overt response that demonstrates behavior or understanding
Provide close monitoring
Check for understanding (formative assessment)

24. The Steps: Independent Practice
Students continue to practice the use of the skill or knowledge on their own
Essential for mastery
Should have some elements of decontextualization - enough different contexts so that the skill/concept may be applied to any relevant situation...not only the context in which it was originally learned
What type of objectives might work well for a Hunter lesson plan?

25. The Steps: Assessment
Use formative assessments – may be interwoven into the other steps
Use correctives for those who do not understand
Use extensions for those who need to be challenged

26. The Steps: Closure Do not close before giving the students practice
Used to help students bring things together in their own minds to make sense out of what has just been taught
Closure is the act of reviewing and clarifying the key points of a lesson, tying them together into a coherent whole

27. Live Action Hunter event!

28. Sample Lessons Proper and common nouns Poppin’ with subtraction
Basketball

29. Hunter Lesson Guided Practice
Select one of the days from your TWS. Begin creating a Hunter lesson plan as a group.

30. ?
Closure activity

31. Activity - “Slap game”
Lesson Planning terms

32. Other Lesson Planning Models

33. “The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.”
Mark Van Doren
“We are usually convinced more easily by reasons we have found ourselves than by those which have occurred to others.”
Blaise Pascal

34. 4MAT – Bernice McCarthy
4MAT is a lesson plan model that appeals to all types of learners and engages, informs, and allows for practice and creative use of material learned within each lesson.
(start about 4:45)

35. 4MAT Lessons Apply Teach Practice Motivate
Connects to the four types of learners

36. 4 MAT Lesson Design Quadrant 1: Motivate
Have an experience
Capture student’s attention
Begin with a situation that is familiar to students and build on what they already know
Use cooperative learning that allows for diverse student responses
Connect learners to the concept in a personal way
Use “real” experience if possible.
Guide students to reflect and analyze the experience.
Summarize and review similarities and differences.
Clarify the reason for learning
Hunter calls this Anticipatory Set

37. 4 MAT Lesson Design Quadrant 2: Teach
Examine expert knowledge
Provide “expert knowledge” related to the concept.
Emphasize the most significant aspects of the concept in an organized, organic manner.
Present information sequentially so students see continuity.
Draw attention to important, discrete details; don’t swamp students with a myriad of facts.
Use a variety of delivery systems; interactive lecture, text, guest speakers, films, visuals, demonstrations, when available.
Hunter calls this Instructional Input

38. 4 MAT Lesson Design Quadrant 3: Practice
Practice the skills
Provide opportunities for students to practice new learning, (learning centers, games fostering skills development, etc.).
Check for understanding of concepts and skills by using relevant standard materials such as worksheets, text problems, workbooks, teacher prepared exercises, etc.
Use concept of mastery learning to determine if re-teaching is necessary and how it will be carried out.
Encourage tinkering with ideas, relationships, connections.

39. 4 MAT Lesson Design Quadrant 4: Apply
Demonstrate learning
Provide opportunity for student to design their own open-ended explorations of the concept. Provide multiple options so student can plan a unique “proof” of learning.
Students report and demonstrate what they have learned.
Make student learning available to the larger community, i.e. books students write are shared with other classes, students report in a school newspaper, student work is displayed, etc.
Leave students wondering (creatively) about further possible applications of the concept, extending the “what ifs” into the future.
Learning is celebrated.
Hunter calls this Closure and Independent Practice

40. Checklist for 4MAT lesson
Quadrant One: Motivate
Did you begin with situations that build on what the learners already know?
Did you use experiential learning?
Did you use problem-solving group work?
Did you establish the “Why”?

41. Checklist for 4MAT lesson
Quadrant Two: Teach
Did you keep the “big idea” in mind while explaining the details of the concept?
Did you emphasize the most significant aspects of the concept in an organized, sequential manner?
Did you establish the “What”?

42. Checklist for 4MAT lesson
Quadrant Three: Practice
Did you set up ways in which your students can learn by doing?
Did you have students practice skills learned?
Are there elements of absorption, fascination, play, and wonder in this hands-on section of your teaching?
Did you establish the “How”?

43. Checklist for 4MAT lesson
Quadrant Four: Apply
Did you provide situations, related to the content, that allow the students to make the learning their own?
Did you provide opportunities for students to polish and share their new learning?
Did you establish the “What if”?

44. OFICA Lessons
OFICA is an acronym for a questioning pattern designed to encourage higher order thinking during class discussion
Introduction: A stimulus that sets the stage for the lesson
Open-ended questions
Are questions that produce many “right” answers
Ask students to build a common frame of reference or a factual base from which they can abstract concepts and generalizations.
Focus questions
Bring attention to the specific concepts that are the intent of the discussion.

45. OFICA Interpretive questions Capstone questions Application questions
Ask students to build meaning by noting relationships among concept and making connections with previous experience.
Capstone questions
Ask students to tie concepts together by summarizing, generalizing, stating the big idea, or headlining the discussion.
Application questions
Ask students to consider, “What does this matter to me? How might I use what I have learned?”
Allow students to use generalizations they have drawn in new and creative ways.
OFICA Lesson - Measurement

46. Inquiry Lessons
Water and ice
Inquiry is an active learning process in which students answer research questions through data analysis.
Stimulus (observation
Teacher introduces problem, dilemma, controversy, or inquiry by providing material for students to explore.
Problem Description and Possible Solution
Students are given time to “tinker” with possibilities as they attempt to describe the problem and search for workable solutions
Generalization
Students work to develop, organize, and categorize the information to confirm a soution. They try out their solution in a novel situation.
Drawing Conclusions
Students make final decisions and draw inferences based on their observations and experiences.

47. Different Types of Instructional Input
Direct Teaching – Hunter
Brain-based – 4MAT
Inquiry
Cooperative Learning
Lecture
Lecture with discussion
Panel of experts
Brainstorming
Videos/slides
Discussion
Small group discussion or work
Case studies
Worksheets
Role play
Guest speakers
Values clarification
Jigsaw