1. Mnemonics Make use of semantic elaboration and visual imagery Associate study material with special structural descriptions (chunking) Each mnemonic is useful for a specific kind of study material.

2. Mnemonics Make use of semantic elaboration and visual imagery Associate study material with special structural descriptions (chunking) Each mnemonic is useful for a specific kind of study material. Binary numbers Miller (1956). For example: 011011101101101010110001111011. Recode each set of 4 digits as an octal (base 8) digit. Remember the string as a set of octal numbers. Number of 0’s and 1’s remembered with “chunking” technique increased dramatically.

3. Common Mnemonics and Study Strategies Method of Loci Peg word Rhyme Natural Language Mediation

4. Common Mnemonics and Study Strategies Method of Loci Used in Ancient Greece. Imagine the to-be-remembered objects in a series of places in a very familiar location. Peg word Rhyme Natural Language Mediation

5. Common Mnemonics and Study Strategies Method of Loci Peg word Rhyme Memorize a peg word rhyme, for example: One is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree, etc. Use the rhyme for learning ordered lists of items: Create a sequence of images in which each image links the “peg word” and the item to be remembered. Natural Language Mediation

6. Common Mnemonics and Study Strategies Method of Loci Peg word Rhyme Natural Language Mediation Associate a meaningless term with something that is meaningful. For example, in learning nonsense trigrams, associate “ptg” with “paper tiger”. Combined with imagery, natural language mediation helps with learning foreign vocabulary.

7. Famous Mnemonists Mnemonists either have very rich visual memories or have encoded very detailed verbal patterns. Famous mnemonists Professor A.C. Aitken: Huge store of knowledge about numbers. Large number of strategies for doing calculations. Reduce the problem to a manageable load on working memory by recoding it. S: Amazing memory was the result of synesthesia.