1. Oceans and Innovation

2. Process which removes salt and other minerals from seawater. Seawater is desalinated in order to be converted to fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Large-scale desalination requires large amounts of energy and specialised, expensive infrastructure. Desalination

4. Clean Renewable Energy: Offshore Wind

6. Clean Renewable Energy: Wave Power

7. Clean Renewable Energy: Tidal Power

8. Biofuels from Marine Algae

10. What is Geo-engineering? The deliberate manipulation of Earth’s environment/climate on a large scale in order to mitigate, or adapt to, the effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Distinct from environmental damage or accidental anthropogenic climate change which are side-effects of human activity rather than a direct consequence.

11. Phytoplankton (Microscopic plant life of the oceans) Absorb CO 2 to growAlso need sunlight.........And nutrients Adding nutrients to the surface-ocean will stimulate phytoplankton growth. More phytoplankton = Greater draw-down of CO 2 Ocean Fertilisation: Basic Principles

12. Key Issues and Concerns Logistically feasible? What is the overall carbon budget? Environmental impact? Financially feasible? Legal and political issues: The oceans are a “Global Commons” and who has control/power over specific projects? Public response? Moral hazard