1. Unification of Sciences: Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry I
Takeshi Oka
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics
and Department of Chemistry,
the Enrico Fermi Institute, the University of Chicago
Tokyo Institute of Technology, 10:40 – 12:10, October 16, 2007

2. Experiments, Observations
Empirical rule
Fundamental theory

3. PV PV = nRT = nR T The Ideal Gas Law Thermo Dynamics 273 K 1662 Boyle
Charles
Gay-Lussac
273 K
Avogadro
Cannizzaro
Boltzmann
Thermo　Dynamics

4. Battery
Luigi Galvani
Alessandro Volta

5. Unification of Concepts
Michael Faraday
James Clerk Maxwell
Electricity
Magnetism
Electricity Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Electromagnetism
Light
Ion, cation, anion, cathode, anode,
electrode, electrolysis,…
Electricity Gravity ×

6. Molecule, Ion, Gas. Liquid. Salt, Solution, Colloid,
I have long held an opinion, almost amounting to conviction, in common I believe with many other lovers of natural knowledge, that the various forms under which the forces of matter are made manifest have one common origin; or, in other words, are so directly related and mutually dependent, that they are convertible, as it were, one into another, and possess equivalents of power in their action.
Action of magnets on light Michael Faraday Philosophical Transactions, 1846, p. 1
Molecule, Ion, Gas. Liquid. Salt, Solution, Colloid,
Crystal, Steel, Glass, Force, Motion, Electricity,
Magnetism, Electrolysis, Light, Field, Discharge.

7. A P C B Unification of Fieldｓ Synthesis of urea, 1828 Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Friedrich Wöhler
Synthesis of urea, 1828
Isaac Newton 1666

8. PV PV = nRT = nR T A P C B Physics and Chemistry
Boyle PV
PV = nRT
= nR T
Gay-Lussac
Avogadro
Thermo Dynamics Chemistry
Statistical thermodynamics
Quantum mechanics
Willard Gibbs

9. Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry
X-ray Crystallography,…… A P C B
Spectroscopy
1814
Approximavit Sidera
"The most remarkable discovery in all of
astronomy is that the stars are made of atoms
of the same kind as those on the earth."
Feynman Lectures on Physics I, 3-6 (1963)
Joseph von Fraunhofer
1787 – 1826

10. A P C B P P A B B A C C

11. Who discovered H3+ ? 1766 Henry Cavendish Discovery of Hydrogen
Anders Ångstrom
Spectrum of H
J. J. Thomson
Discovery of H3+
Niels Bohr
Theory of H
堀　健夫
Analysis of H2 spectrum
Charles Coulson
Theory of H3+
Gerhard Herzberg
Search for H3+
岡　武史
Spectrum of H3+

12. H３＋ Astronomy Chemistry Nuclear fusion
Star, Galaxy, Universe
Atom, Molecule, Matter
Nuclear fusion
H → He → C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S,…..Fe…
Star ← Molecular cloud
Interstellar chemistry
HCO＋
Ion – neutral reactions
H３＋
William Klemperer

13. H3+ Star formation Formation of molecules Star Diffuse cloud
Dense cloud
Formation of molecules
Star
H3+
Spontaneous emission
Collision

14. Astronomers’ Periodic TableH He C N O Ne Mg Si S Ar Fe
Ben McCall

15. Molecules everywhere CO HC5N HC7N HC9N ●
Ungerechts & Thaddeus, ApJS 63, 645 (1987)

16. H2 → H2+ + e- [H2]  ~ 10-17s-1 Plasmas everywhere
Cosmic Ray primary particles cm-2s-1
H2 → H2+ + e [H2]  ~ 10-17s-1
H2+ + H2 → H + H kL[H2][H2+]
H3+ + O → OH+ + H kL[H3+][O] kL~ 10-9 cm3 s-1 H2 H2 e
OH+ → H2O+ → H3O+ → H2O -H -H
O + H2 → OH + H