1. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Status of working group Precipitation Processes and Live cycle Martin Hagen DLR Oberpfaffenhofen

2. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Aerosols CN Radiation Temperature Humidity Advection Soil moisture Precipitation Evaporation Land use Vegetation Cloud cover Water vapour Hydrology Pressure Condensation Coagulation Nucleation Aggregation Melting Freezing Convection Convergence Wind field Falling Riming Ice density Orography IN Precipitation observed at ground is the result of a long chain of complex processes

3. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Interaction with other working groups WG Convection Initiation WG Aerosol & Cloud Microph. WG Precipitation Processes and Lifecycle WG Data Assimilation

4. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Scientific questions Orography can trigger the development of cells, however, it is open whether convection is suppressed in the subsiding flow in the lee of hills. The life cycle of single cells can be modulated by orography, but it is open whether orography like Vosges Mountains or Black Forest can have a significant influence on the formation and propagation of multi- or super-cells or even mesoscale convective systems. How significant is this influence if the cells have been already formed before they interact with orography? Can embedded convection be triggered by topography. Formerly stably stratified precipitation may be destabilized by the forced uplift through mountains.

5. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Required Instruments Sounding (radio sondes, drop sondes) Wind profilers, Sodars Cloud radar Doppler weather radar Polarization weather radar Rain gauges Vertical pointing rain radar Disdrometer Airborne particle observations

6. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Observation Strategy Sounding (radio sondes, drop sondes) Wind profilers, Sodars Cloud radar Doppler weather radar Polarization weather radar Rain gauges Vertical pointing rain radar Disdrometer Airborne particle observations Mapping of the environment (hourly) Mapping of cloud prior to precipitation development (volumes every 5-10 minutes) Mapping of dynamics and microphysics (volumes every 5-10 minutes) Continuous operation Storm penetration at -10 to -20°C height (frequent at graupel initiation and electrification phase)

7. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre 1,7 2,9 3 4 4 4 13 8,16(2-7),20 5,6,7,12,14,15 11,17,18(2,3) 18(1) 7 10,19 7 7 10,16(1) 10 15(1) „Perfect world“ scenario Supersite1 in red, 2 in blue, 3 in brown, 4 in green Set up of instruments 3rd COPS WS April 2006 1. AMF 1. Micropulse lidar, cloud radar, sondes) 2. IfT lidars (aerosol and Doppler) 3. LMU microwave radiometers 2. Hornisgrinde (UHOH lidars, FZK doppler lidar and cloud radar) 3. Polirad 4. 2 radiosonde stations 5. UNIBAS Raman lidar 6. MICCY radiometer 7. 5 MMRs (4 Hamburg, 1 FZK) 8. Ka-band cloud radar (Hamburg ) 9. X-band radar (Hamburg) 10. 2 sodars (FZK), 1 Freiburg, 1 Bayreuth 11. MWRP from Potenza 12. Wind profiler (FZK) 13. S-Pol 14. TARA cloud radar 15. UK 1. 3 doppler lidars, 3 sodars, 2. wind profiler 3. Radiosonde 16. French systems 1. X-band radar 2. MRR (1) 3. Radiosonde 4. Wind profiler 5. Sodar 6. Raman lidar 7. Aerosol lidar 17. CNR lidars (WV Raman lidar and aerosol lidar) 18. Vienna 1. Radiosonde 2. MRR 3. Sodar 19. UHOH X-band radar 20. Swiss water vapor radiometer

8. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Weather radar network DWD + Karlsruhe radars are operated continuously (volume 10 min update). S-Pol + Poldirad (volume 10 minute update anticipated). Vertical scans (RHI) in predefined directions.

9. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Polarimetric radar and MRR transect Observation of the modification of the RDSD by orography. MRR_1 MRR_2 MRR_3 MRR_4

10. Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Next steps State of participitation of S-PolKa ? Location for POLDIRAD and S-PolKa ? (S-PolKa 6 weeks, POLDIRAD 3 months) Location of supersites (S1, S2, S3, S4) Update list of other instruments - GOP precipitation instruments - SOP precipitation instruments Refine location of precipitation instruments (with respect to radars and supersites) What output is required for data assimilation ?