1. 1 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS (a spin-off of THEMIS) and Exploration

2. 2 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS Overview Mission Concept Science Objectives Lunar Mission Phases Synergistic Science Benefits to Exploration Cost Benefit Analysis for Exploration

3. 3 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS THEMIS: 5 satellites, Launched February 17, 2007 To Solve the Mystery of what Triggers Auroral Substorms Simulation: J. Raeder, UNH Visualization: Tom Bridgman, GSFC/SVS

4. 4 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS Dayside 1 2008-08-08 X GSE Y GSE First year baseline orbit (FY08) Dayside 2 2009-09-16 X GSE Y GSE TH-B TH-C TH-D TH-E TH-A P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Second year baseline orbit (FY09) Tail 1 2008-02-02 Tail 2 2009-02-18 Angelopoulos, 2008 Space Sci. Rev. THEMIS Orbits : 2008-2009

5. 5 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS

6. 6 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS THEMIS Other Media Successes www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0304/02.html

7. 7 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS THEMIS = THEMIS baseline + ARTEMIS Extended Phase: Mission Concept P1, P2 will freeze in 2010, unless placed into stable orbits about the moon

8. 8 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS Phases Translunar injection phase (Oct ’09 – Oct ’10) No Science, just get there. Note: Orbit Raise Maneuvers (ORMs) start: July 2009, in parallel with THEMIS 2 nd dayside operations (THEMIS dayside requirements met already since 1 st dayside season) Lissajous Phase (Oct ’10 – Apr ’11) Note: First 3 months: opposite sides, Next 3 months: same side Lunar Orbit Phase (May ’11 – Sep ’12) Note: P1 retrograde, and P2 prograde, such that orbital separations and separation vectors cover full parameter space

9. 9 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS Heliophysics ARTEMIS Science Objectives When moon is in the Magnetosphere: –Particle acceleration at lunar environment –Reconnection: 3D character; global effects –Turbulence: Drivers and effects When moon is in the Solar Wind: –Seed population for solar energetic particles –Nature of elusive low-shear reconnection –Properties of inertial range of turbulence Near the Moon: –Study the structure and evolution of lunar wake –Understand particle acceleration at wake –Understand formation of wake electric fields

10. 10 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS Capabilities In Planetary Science Dust Levitation in Electric Fields: –Study electric field near moon with proper input –Study surface electric field with reflectometry –Provide local electric field, particles to LADEE LADEE dust detector detects response to input Lunar Exosphere –Composition, distribution of: exospheric ions sputtered ions regolith –Exospheric variations with solar activity, cycle Lunar Surface and Interior –Crustal magnetic fields –Conductivity depth profile –Surface charging P1 P2 LADEE Exospheric or Sputtered ions Secondary and photo-electrons reveal regolith properties Core? P2P1 Conductivity

11. 11 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS: Synergy with other lunar missions and exploration Supports LRO: –ARTEMIS provides comprehensive monitoring of Lunar Space Environment –Complements LRO/CRATER radiation measurements below 200keV Supports NAS’s Scientific Content of Exploration of the Moon by: –Understanding the lunar atmosphere, as function of increasing human presence at the moon Monitors Lunar Radiation Environment –Over solar cycle time-scales –Provides local solar wind source to: Ground radiation monitors Other missions beyond LRO

12. 12 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS: Additional benefits to Exploration, #1 First operational use of Lunar Lissajous orbits (LL1 & LL2), useful for: –Staging lunar landings –Positioning communications relay stations at the moon (Station-keeping requirements thus far unknown) ARTEMIS’s 6 month residence in LL1&LL2 provides: –Good estimate of station-keeping fuel requirements –Proof of operational requirements (frequency/magnitude of thrusts) needed –Rapid transition of knowledge to NASA centers for future planning LL1LL2 ~120000 km To Earth Moon TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW Moon

13. 13 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS: Additional benefits to Exploration, #2 Validate NASA G/N for Current and Future Exploration Missions –Already used with White-Sands, USN; helped certify SSC, DLR dishes –Plan to validate 3-way Doppler for LRO (Launch +/- 10 days) –Can provide “calibration standard” for 3-way Doppler for future missions Ref: FDF-30-NNN LRO SCN Mission Readiness Tracking Proficiency Plan.doc Test Fly USN Ground Stations WS1 – Prime S/Ka GS DSN Ground Stations DSN 34-Meter S-Band Goldstone, California WS1 - 18-Meter S/Ka-Band WSC, New Mexico USN 13-Meter S-Band South Point, Hawaii SSC 11-Meter S-Band Kiruna, Sweden DLR 15-Meter S-Band Weilheim, Germany DSN 34-Meter S-Band Madrid, Spain USN 13-Meter S-Band Dongara, Australia DSN 34-Meter S-Band Canberra, Australia ARTEMIS P1, P2

14. 14 NASA/HQ April, 2009 THEMIS ARTEMIS ARTEMIS: simultaneously an extended mission AND a new mission –Benefits: low risk (spacecraft already up) and efficient (delta-cost to THEMIS) –Challenge: MO&DA as funding vehicle is insufficient Cost: –Development Reconfiguring THEMIS Ground Network for DSN use Planning Low Thrust Orbit Design and Orbit Maintenance Contingency Planning for Translunar Injection and Orbit Insertion Operations in LL1, LL2 orbits and Early Lunar Orbit Phase Transition into Heliophysics when in routine Lunar Orbit –Routine Mission/Science Operations Benefit (summary): –Understand Lunar Dust and Surface Environment –Monitor Radiation Hazards over Solar Cycle variations –Pathfinder for Future Landing and Relay Methods –Synergy with LRO, LADEE and Future Lunar Missions, Including Landers –Inspirational, Efficient Use of Existing NASA Resources ARTEMIS: Cost-Benefit Analysis For Exploration