1. Visual Principles “The Computer as an Educational Tool: Productivity and Problem Solving” ©Richard C. Forcier and Don E. Descy

2. Why are visual principles important? We live in a visual society. We live in a visual society. Most students are visual learners. Most students are visual learners. 80% is learned from what one sees. 80% is learned from what one sees. 50% of what one sees AND hears is remembered. 50% of what one sees AND hears is remembered.

3. Functions of Visuals Concrete communication device to refer to Concrete communication device to refer to Motivate learners by increasing interest Motivate learners by increasing interest Reiteration—underscore verbal or printed information by presenting it in a different form Reiteration—underscore verbal or printed information by presenting it in a different form Simplification Simplification

4. Three Types of Visuals Realistic Realistic Shows actual subject being studied Shows actual subject being studied Analogical Analogical Conveys a concept by comparing it Conveys a concept by comparing it Organizational Organizational Shows relationships within text Shows relationships within text

5. Using Visuals in Instruction Decoding - read and interpret Decoding - read and interpret Students under 12 see visuals section-by-section. Students under 12 see visuals section-by-section. Cultural differences affect the perception of the visual used. Cultural differences affect the perception of the visual used.

6. Using Visuals in Instruction (Continued) Encoding - communicating through visuals Encoding - communicating through visuals The ability to arrange visuals in a logical order affects one’s verbal literacy. The ability to arrange visuals in a logical order affects one’s verbal literacy. Encourage students to use visual media in assignments Encourage students to use visual media in assignments

7. Visual Literacy One’s ability to interpret and communicate visual messages One’s ability to interpret and communicate visual messages Visual literacy crucial and parallel to reading and writing literacy Visual literacy crucial and parallel to reading and writing literacy

8. Designing Visuals Elements of art and design should always be considered. Elements of art and design should always be considered. Make a basic sketch of design to plan overall structure, then add details Make a basic sketch of design to plan overall structure, then add details

9. Line Directs the eye around or to an area Directs the eye around or to an area Suggests action and movement Suggests action and movement Divides or combines concepts Divides or combines concepts

10. Line (Continued) Horizontal Horizontal Stability Stability Vertical Vertical Strength Strength Diagonal Diagonal Movement Movement

11. Shape A shape is a line closed upon itself. A shape is a line closed upon itself. Interacting shapes add interest. Interacting shapes add interest. Repetition Repetition Simple Simple

12. Texture Texture conveys a clearer, 3-D idea of the subject. Texture conveys a clearer, 3-D idea of the subject. May be actual or implied May be actual or implied Adds interest with interaction Adds interest with interaction Should be used in moderation Should be used in moderation

13. Color Commands attention Commands attention Adds impact Adds impact Local color Local color Heightens realism Heightens realism Expressive color Expressive color Adds emotion Adds emotion

14. How Color Works Warm colors approach. Warm colors approach. Red helps memory. Red helps memory. Yellow is seen first. Yellow is seen first. Cool colors recede. Cool colors recede. Blue is viewed as of lesser importance. Blue is viewed as of lesser importance.

15. Arrangement Underlying shapes unify. Underlying shapes unify. Lines move the eye along. Lines move the eye along. Color and texture highlight and elaborate. Color and texture highlight and elaborate. Use balance, repetition, AND movement to achieve unity. Use balance, repetition, AND movement to achieve unity. Keep it simple! Keep it simple!