1. Alberts, Bray, Hopkins, Johnson Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Professor: Dr. Barjis Room: P313 Phone: (718)2605285 Email: ibarjis@citytech.cuny.edu General Biology Sylvia S Mader Lecture 5: Chapter 25 Structure and Organization of Flowering Plants

2. Outline Plant Organs – Roots – Stems – Leaves Monocots vs. Eudicots Epidermal Tissue Vascular Tissue Roots – Organization – Diversity Stems – Organization – Diversity Leaves – Organization – Diversity

3. Plant Organs Roots function – Anchors plant in soil. – Absorbs water and minerals. – Produces hormones that stimulate growth and coordinate the plant size with their root size The root system contains primary root, lateral root and root hair.

4. Organization of Plant Body

5. Stems Shoot system of a plant is the aboveground portion of the plant. The shoot system of the plant is composed of the stem, the branches and the leaves. – Stem support leaves in such a way that each leaf is exposed to as much sunlight as possible. – In addition to supporting the leaves, a stem has vascular tissue (Xylem and Phloem)

6. Organization of Plant Body

7. Leaves Leaves are the major part of the plant that carries on photosynthesis. The process of Photosynthesis require: – Water – Carbon dioxide – Sunlight

8. Plant Tissues Epidermal Tissues – Is the outer protective covering of the plant

9. Ground Tissue Ground tissue makes up the majority of the interior of the plant

10. Vascular Tissue xylem and phloem

11. Xylem Structure

12. Root Diversity

13. Stem Diversity

14. Leaf The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss. Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called stomates. Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the guard cells.

15. Organization of Leaves