1. Functional Analysis Functional Analysis (Decomposition) helps with Breaking down complex processes Organizing main requirements Creating alternative solutions Making decisions explicit Expanding or contracting problem scope Facilitates teamwork

2. Functional Decomposition Start with the most important function Identify the system boundary Show material, energy, and signals Transport 8z of water between two cups Water in Cup A Water in Cup B

3. Functional Decomposition Format of box contents: Verb – noun – modifier “Transfer” “water” “between cups” Convert wind energy to electricity Kinetic energy of air molecules Air molecules Electrical energy Air molecules

4. Typical Functions AbsorbActuateAmplifyAssemble ChangeChannelClearCollect ConductControlConvertCouple DirectDissipateDriveHold IncreaseInterruptJoinLift LimitLocateMoveOrient PositionProtectReleaseRectify RotateSecureShieldStart/Stop SteerStoreSupplySupport TransformTranslateVerify

5. Functional Analysis Example : A Personal coffee-maker Make coffee Ground Coffee Coffee in mug Cold Water System Boundary

6. Functional Analysis Water Heat Water Energy Mix coffee & water Transport into mug Coffee Filter Coffee Used coffee

7. Functional Analysis Mix coffee & water Transport into mug Coffee Filter Coffee Used coffee Hot Water Water thru coffee Coffee thru water Free mixing Filter after mixing Keep coffee contained Mechanical Energy Lifting & pouring Gravity dripping Hold Water Small pot Coffee mug

8. Functional Decomposition Nut Cracker Un-cracked Nut De-shell nut nut Shell Hand energy Vaporize shell Crush and sift Crack shell

9. Functional Decomposition Un-cracked nut nut Shell Hand energy Secure nut Increase mechanical advantage Control stroke nut Lever action Four-bar linkage Slider-crank linkage Power screw Cam mechanism Chamber Friction Groove Mechanical stop Limited motion

10. Functional Decomposition Computer Mouse Convert user energy into screen position signal Convert user energy into selection signal Support user’s arm Fit user hands ergonomically Allow easy sliding of the mouse Verify pick selection Convert mouse movements into internal movements Convert internal movements into electronic signal Convert user arm or finger movements into pick signals

11. Functional Decomposition Functional decomposition can proceed after some decisions are made. Water in A Water in B Trigger signal RemoveMeasureTransferDeposit

12. Functional Decomposition The choices regarding remove are: Using no containers Using one container Using multiple containers Using pump action The team chooses “one container”, the Functional decomposition proceeds: “Fill container”, “Lift container”, etc.