1. Passeridae Sittidae, Certhiidae, Troglodytidae, Polioptilidae Bombycillidae, Cinclidae, Turdidae, Sturnidae, Mimidae Regulidae Paridae, Remizidae, Alaudidae, Vireonidae, Laniidae, Corvidae Tyrannidae (and 12 other families in other parts of the world) Suboscines Oscines Non-passerines 9-primaried oscines = Parulidae, Icteridae Emberizidae, Thraupidae, Cardinalidae, Fringillidae

2. Fringillidae Finches and their allies European Chaffinch

3. Cassin’s Finch House Finch Red cap Brown nape No streaks on side Male female Distinct dark streaks on white Buffy streaks on light brown

4. Lesser goldfinch male breeding Lesser goldfinch female (non breeding similar) Compare to American Goldfinch White patch plus wingbars

5. 3 spp of goldfinch in N America Lesser American Lawrence’s

6. Pine Siskin

7. 2 Grosbeaks Evening Grosbeak Pine Grosbeak

8. circulating levels of reproductive hormones (testosterone in males; luteinizing hormone and prolactin in both sexes) vary with local food availability, but apparently not with changes in ambient day length Crossbills - pine seed specialists Red Crossbills White-winged

9. Adaptive Radiation in Fringillids Hawaiian honeycreepers

10. Tanager (F. Thraupidae) Euphonias Of Central & South America! Originally thought to be related to tanagers, now grouped with fringillids