1. Infrastructure Management H. Scott Matthews January 15, 2003

2. Recap of Last Lecture  Infrastructure is our network of public works and services, e.g. transport, energy, communications, water, etc.  Infrastructure Management is an inter- disciplinary problem-solving approach to the planning and operation  It relies on quantitative tools and methods  Now, back to ‘The Big Picture’

3. Some Estimates from Grant  Summary of “Civil Infrastructure Systems: The Big Picture”, JIS, June 1995.  Issues and obstacles in civil infrastructure  Developments and Opportunities  Recommendations

4. State of Highways (1995)  ~235,000 miles of roads rated poor or mediocre  >70% of peak-hour travel on urban interstates is congested  These are the numbers he tells us - what other information would we like to know about highways?

5. Missing from Grant - Highways  How many ‘total miles’?  Definition of conditions, e.g. ‘poor’  Why do highways get congested?  Shouldn’t we prefer urban interstates rather than secondary roads to be congested?

6. State of Bridges (1995)  1/3 bridges structurally deficient or obsolete, and needs improvements  >25% more than 50 years old  These are the numbers he tells us - what other information would we like to know about bridges?  Why is 50 years so bad?

7. State of Mass Transit  Average age buses exceeds recommended use by 20-35%  20-30% of rail facilities poor  Air passengers expected to grow by 57% by 2005 due to globalization  Number of severely congested airports grow from 7 to 17 without new runways

8. State of Water  10,000 dams classified as ‘high hazard’  13,500 as ‘significant hazard’  Compliance costs to meet Safe Water Drinking Act $3 billion per year  $137 billion to meet Clean Water Act  Will need 3,400 new treatment facilities  (Not in Grant: Combined sewer- overflows need to be upgraded)

9. Construction Industry  13% of GDP  Second largest industry in U.S.  Also most fragmented  1 million firms, 10 million workers  Lots of ‘small’ firms (subcontractors)  Lags behind other major industries in terms of R&D  High-tech, chemicals, etc. 3-4%, construction only 0.5%

10. Financials  Value of infrastructure ‘stock’ fell from 55% of GDP in 1982 to 40% in 1992.  Not in Grant: $1 trillion less!  Federal investment on infrastructure stock fell from 1.2% of GDP in 1980 to 0.8% in 1993.  Since majority of infrastructure funding comes from U.S. government, this is a big problem  Concern for spending has reduced this even more

11. Risk, Sustainable Development  Risk and liability concerns generally lead to low-risk designs, which rewards stability not innovation  Also challenges related to building with an eye towards the resource needs of future generations

12. Opportunities  Need follow-through on National Construction Goals  Innovative financing (e.g. infrastructure bonds)  Link between infrastructure investment and economic productivity  High-Performance Materials

13. Conclusions  Need public works investment section in U.S. budget  Development and use of life-cycle costing, cost-effectiveness analysis  Reduce regulatory barriers

14. More recent estimate/study  ASCE 2001 Report Card

15. How did this happen?  Construction wins votes, no one cares about rehabilitation/repair  Institutional issues favor construction financing  Rehabilitation has high total costs in urban environments

16. Why Does it Matter? Natural Environment Physical Infrastructure Economic System Social System

17. Our Purpose - Now Justified  Critically review status of infrastructure  Understand issues in managing existing infrastructure rather than building new  Develop awareness of tools and resources for infrastructure management  For next time: read Dunker 1995