1. Diabetes Type 1 (“Juvenile Diabetes”) (“Insulin-Dependant Diabetes”)

2. Pathophysiology Autoimmune disease Destroys beta cells in Islets of Langerhans Sufficiently reduces and eventually completely eliminates insulin production

3. Cause: Unknown –Genetics plays a strong role –May also be triggered by environmental factors –NOT from eating too many sweets

4. Presentation Thirst and frequent urination Extreme hunger Weight loss Fatigue Blurred vision Dry itchy skin that heals slowly Loss of feeling or tingling in feet

5. Complications/ Associated Diseases Hypoglycemia: –Sweating –Shakiness –Weakness –Hunger –Dizziness –Nausea –Slurred speech –Drowsiness –Confusion –Seizures –Coma

6. Hypoglycemia Tx: –Administer Glucagon (1mg IM SQ) –Administer D50 (25-50 g IV) –If awake and able to swallow/protect airway: Fruit juice Milk Hard candy Glucose tablets Granulated white sugar Regular non-diet soda Follow with high protein snack

7. DO NOT: –Put sugar in an unconscious pt’s mouth –Try pouring juice or sugar water down an unconscious pt’s throat –Administer Insulin –Administer Peanut butter –Put your hand in the pt’s mouth Random trivia: Animals get diabetes too!

8. Diabetic Ketoacidosis –Slow onset –Dry mouth/ thirst –High blood glucose levels –High ketone levels in urine –Constant fatigue –Dry, flushed skin –Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain –Difficulty breathing/ Kuussmaul’s –Fruity odor on breath –Difficulty concentrating/confusion

9. Diabetic Ketoacidosis Tx: –IV fluid replacement –If pt is known alcoholic consider 100mg Thiamine –If transportation time is lengthy medical direction may request insulin administration

10. Hyperglycemia (CBG>250mg/dl) Nephropathy (kidney disease) Eye/Skin/Foot complications Depression Gastroparesis Heart disease Stroke Neuropathy/Nerve damage Celiac Disease (severe reaction to gluten. 20% of diabetics affected)

11. Tx/Management/Cures Diet control exercise Insulin shots/Insulin pumps Kidney transplantation Pancreas transplantation Islet transplantation Stem cell transplantation NO CURE YET

12. END http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=ILIvPzyK_8I

13. biobliography American Diabetes Association. All about diabetes. Retrieved nov 25 2007 from http://diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsphttp://diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsp Bledsoe, Porter, & Cherry. (2006). Paramedic Care: Principles and Practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. Diabetes services Inc. (2007) diabetes mall: Diabetes Technology. Retrieved nov 25, 2007 from http://www.diabetesnet.com/diabetes_technology/insulinpumps.php Hasselbring, B. What is Hypoglycemia?. Retrieved Nov 25, 2007 from http://health.discovery.com/centers/articles/articles.html?c hrome=c10&article=LC_90&center=p07 http://health.discovery.com/centers/articles/articles.html?c hrome=c10&article=LC_90&center=p07 Mayo Clinic Staff. (oct 24, 2007). Type 1 Diabetes. Retrieved nov 25, 2007 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1- diabeteshttp://www.mayoclinic.com/health/type-1- diabetes Medlineplus. (nov 23, 2007). Diabetes Type 1. Retrieved nov 25, 2007 from http://www.nim.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetestype1.html http://www.nim.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetestype1.html