1. Ultrasonic measurements in large volume press in conjunction with X-radiation techniques Jennifer Kung Contributors Baosheng Li Yanbin Wang Takeyuki Uchida

2. Key Parameters of Elastic Properties Travel time ( t (P,S) ), Length (l) and Density (  ) --corresponding to P-T conditions

3. Buffer rod Sample Travel time 0.2~0.7  s Piezoelectric Transducer Buffer rod Sample 1~3 mm f = 30~70 MHz 2~3 mm 40 MHz Travel time measurement

4. Ultrasonic measurements at high pressure and high temperature: Pre-Synchrotron era High pressure – in piston cylinder (up to 3 GPa) in 6-8 type multi anvil press in diamond anvil cell High temperature – in gas high pressure apparatus (0.3- 0.8 GPa) at atmospheric pressure Thermal expansion (α) Known EOS S: linear compression However, it is difficult to measure - the materials subjected plastic deformation, across the phase transition and without known EoS

5. Ultrasonic measurements in conjunction with X-radiation techniques in large volume press Cell volumes of sample and NaCl CCDCamera Microscopeobjective YAGCrystal Mirror SSD DiffractedX-rays 25mmWCcube T-25press Slitsystem X-ray 2  Au foil sample ~1030  m Length measurement using X-radiographic image Ultrasonic cell assembly Ultrasonic system and dual mode transducer P S

6. transducer Ultrasonic assembly in T25

7. transducer 14/8 cell assembly in T25

8. Ultrasonic assembly in DIA 6 mm

9. Sample Length observed from X-radiographic image: case of (Mg,Fe)O 9.08.27.06.24.84.22.11.50 GPa *(NaCl pressure scale) Kung et al. (2002) l=l 0 (V/V 0 ) 1/3

10. X-ray diffraction patterns passing though different sleeves

11. Elasticity of HP-CEN MgSiO 3 -unquenchable phase synthesis 0 500 1000 1500 5 10 15 LowCEn High-PClinoEn OrthoEn Spinel + Stishovite Bt + St ProtoEn Pressure(GPa) T e m p e r a t u r e (  C )

12. Pressure (GPa) Cell volume (Å 3 ) 68101214 372 375 378 381 384 387 390 393 1000C 900C 800C 600C 400C 200C RT P-V olume -T data for HP-CEN ( to obtain the density, thermal expansion)

13. Pressure (GPa ) Modulus (GPa) 678910111213 87 90 93 96 99 102 105 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 Solid-T409 Open-T354 ~0.7% ~1.0% 800  C 600  C 400  C 200  C 27  C 800  C 600  C 400  C 200  C 27  C (a) (b) K S =  (Vp 2 -4/3Vs 2 ) G=  Vs 2 Elastic velocities and elastic moduli of HP-CEN at high P-T

14. Difference between the absolute pressure and Decker’s NaCl pressure scale as a function of pressure Li et al. (2004)

15. Elasticity and elastic behavior of the materials interested at high pressure and temperature - unquenchable phases - across phase transition - effect of partial melting on elasticity - order-disorder of cation - melts

16. Ultrasonic measurement in Deformation-DIA

17. X-ray d (hkl)3 d (hkl)1 Conical Slit device with multi-element detector (white x-ray mode)

18. In deformation-DIA press -P-T-V olume -V (P,S) -S tress - anisotropy - third-order elastic constants (acoustoelasticity)