1. Handling and Administering Medications 4-H Veterinary Science Extension Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M System http://aevm.tamu.edu

2. Objectives Discuss the measurement of calculated dosages of medication Define routes of administration of medications Describe the instruments used in administration of medications

3. Handling Medication Storage Dispensing Measuring Administering Medication Instruments Routes

4. Storage Very important Store products at Room temperature 60°- 80°F Refrigeration temperature 35°- 45°F Dry environment Dark environment READ THE LABEL!

5. Product distribution Non-transparent containers Do not Translucent containers Direct sunlight Indirect sunlight

6. So why is the sun bad? Reduces effectiveness Vaccines Antibiotics Hormones

7. Guidelines Refrigeration or room temperature Dark environment Sanitary conditions Prevent contamination  Loose effectiveness  Source of infection Do save remaining products Dried products Expiration date Seal

8. Dispensing Properly labeled Manufacturer’s Veterinarian Types of dispensing Over-the-counter (OTC) Veterinarian OTC Prescription  On-label  Extra-label

9. Regulations FDA State boards of veterinary medical examiners  TVMA

10. A label needs

11. Example

12. Measuring Drugs and chemicals Body weight determines dose Biologicals (vaccines, etc) Same dose for all

13. Dose is on the label Quantity measurements Liquids Cubic centimeters (cc)  Same as ml Ounces (oz) Solids Milligrams (mg) Grams (g) Ounces (oz) Pounds (lb) Pills Tablets (tab) Boluses

14. Animal weight Kilograms (kg) Pounds (lb) Remember 1 kg = 2.2 lb 1 lb = 0.45 kg

15. Conversions Pounds to kilograms or

16. Conversions Kilograms to pounds or

17. Convert mg/kg to mg/lb

18. Calculate Total Weight Dose

19. Convert Weight Dose to Total Volume Dose (concentration x total weight dose)

20. For example A drug concentration is 25 mg per cc, the total dose of the liquid drug at the rate of 5 mg per kg for a 44 pound dog.

21. Calculate Dose (method a) Convert mg to cc Total weight dose Convert lb to kg Total volume dose

22. Calculate Dose (method b) Convert mg to cc Total weight dose Convert lb to kg Total volume dose

23. Instruments How we get the drug into the animal Instrument depends on Drug Dose quantity Route of administration

24. Syringe and needle Syringes Measured in  cc  ml 1 to 60 cc in size

25. Needles Measured  Gauge  24 –14 G  Length  ¼ - 5 inches Higher the gauge the smaller the caliber Common  Dogs and cats  20 x ½  Horses  18 x 1  Cattle  16 x 1 ½

26. Drench syringe Large syringe with a nozzle instead of a needle Administer Liquids  Oral  Rectal

27. Balling Gun Administer Bolus Pills

28. Paste Administration Oral Anus Intra-mammary

29. Route Parenteral route Clean aseptic conditions Sterile instruments Clean surface Remove debris

30. Types

31. Enteral routes Disinfect instruments between animals Clean conditions

32. Types