Download presentation
1
Kurt Sorenson Derek Benavidez Colin Evans Steven Best
Surface Treatments & Engineering Metrology & Instrumentation Group 8 ME 260 Fall /30/05 Kurt Sorenson Derek Benavidez Colin Evans Steven Best
2
Introduction Surface Treatments Cleaning Mechanical Measurements Why?
Types Cleaning Mechanical Measurements Standards Dimensioning
3
Why use a surface treatment?
Improves durability Controls Friction Reduces Adhesion
4
Why use surface treatment? (cont)
Improves Lubrication Rebuild Surfaces Aesthetics
5
Types of Treatments Mechanical Surface Treatments
Mechanical Plating & Cladding Case Hardening Thermal Spraying Vapor Deposition Laser Treatments
6
Mechanical Surface Treatments
Peening Shot Peening Laser Shot Peening Water-jet Peening Ultrasonic Peening Roller Burnishing Explosive Hardening
7
Mechanical Plating & Cladding
Laser Cladding
8
Case Hardening and Hard Facing
Spark Hardening
9
Thermal Spraying Combustion Spraying Thermal Wire Spray
Thermal Metal-Powder Spray Plasma Spray
10
Vapor Deposition Physical Vapor Deposition Vacuum Deposition
Sputtering Chemical Deposition Ion Platting
11
Physical Vapor Deposition
12
Sputtering
13
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Thermochemical Process Cutting Tools Thicker Tedious
14
Ion Implantation & Diffusion Coating
Particulates penetrate substrate Modifies surface properties Increases hardness Improves durability Masking capability
15
Laser Treatments Heating Melting Vaporization Peening
16
Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming
Workpiece (cathode) is plated with other metal (anode) through a water-based electrolytic solution A SLOW Process!!! 75 micrometers/hour Solution must be replenished Sacrificial anode Additional salts of metal
17
Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming
Operation Sequence Chemical Cleaning Acid Bath Application of a Base Coat (Optional) Final Electroplating Rinse Tanks Common Plating Metals Nickel Cadmium, Copper Tin, Zinc
18
Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming
Chemical Reaction More Expensive $$ Uniform Thickness Electroforming Metal-fabrication Metal electrodeposited on a mandrel
19
Conversion Coatings Anodizing- Coloring-
The workpiece is the anode in an electrolytic cell Coloring- Alters color of metals, alloys, and ceramics Conversion of surfaces into chemical compounds: oxides, chromates, and phosphates
20
Hot Dipping Workpiece is dipped into molten metal
Zinc- galvanized-steel sheet Tin- food containers Hot-dipped Galvanizing line
21
Porcelain Enameling; Ceramic and Organic Coatings
Enamels- fuse a coating material by heating to 425 to 1000. Ceramic coatings- Intense temp applied Organic coatings- Wide range of properties: flexability, durability, color, texture…
22
Diamond Coating and Diamond-Like Carbon
Techniques Chemical vapor deposition Plasma-assisted vapor deposition Ion-beam-enhanced deposition Diamond Properties Hardness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity
23
Surface Texturing & Painting
Texturing Techniques Etching Electric Arcs Lasers Atomic oxygen Paint Classification Enamels Lacquers Water-based paints
24
Cleaning of Surfaces 3 types Mechanical Cleaning Electrolytic Cleaning
Physically disturb contaminants Electrolytic Cleaning Abrasive bubbles aid in contaminant removal Chemical Cleaning Solution Saponification Emulsification Dispersion Aggregation
25
Engineering Metrology and Instrumentation
Metrology refers to the measurement of any type of dimensions (length, thickness, diameter, angle, etc.) Focus on Dimensional Tolerance (functionality, interchangeability, cost)
26
Describing Quality of Instruments
Resolution- the smallest difference in dimensions that an instrument can detect. Precision- the instruments ability to give repeated measurements (thermal expansion affects precision, standard measuring temperature is 200 C). Accuracy- The ability of a measurement to match the actual value of the quantity being measured.
27
Types of Measurement and Instruments Used
28
Types of Measurement and Instruments Used
29
Common Analog Instruments
A caliper gage with a vernier A vernier
30
The Micrometer (a) (c) Analog Micrometer Digital Micrometer
31
Angle-Measuring Instruments
Bevel Protractor Vernier for angular measurement
32
Angle-Measuring Instruments
Sine Bar Gage blocks are added until the top surface is parallel to the surface plate. The angle is calculated using trig. relationships.
33
Comparative Length Measurement
Multiple-Dimension Gaging
34
Electronic Gages Vertical Length Mesauring Instrument
Measuring Bore Diameters Vertical Length Mesauring Instrument
35
Laser Scan Micrometer
36
Straightness Measurement
37
Interferometry for Measuring Flatness
Optical Flat is a glass disk or fused-quartz disk with parallel flat surfaces. A light beam with one wavelength is aimed at the surface at an angle and splits into two beams. The number of fringes relates the distance between part and flat.
38
Interferometry for Measuring Shaped or Textured Surfaces
Fringe pattern indicating a scratch on the surface. Fringes on a surface with two inclinations, the greater the incline, the closer the fringes. Curved fringe patterns indicate curvatures on the workpiece surface
39
Measuring roundness using V-block and dial indicator
40
Measuring Roundness Part supported on centers and rotated
Circular tracing, with part being rotated on a vertical axis
41
Measuring Profiles Dial Indicators Radius Gages
42
Measuring Profiles Gear-Tooth Caliper Gear-Tooth Micrometer
43
Horizontal-Beam Contour Projector
Image is projected on screen at magnification of 100X or higher. Measurements made directly on screen.
44
Ring gages for round rods
Plug gages for holes Ring gages for round rods GO means smaller than desired size and should fit perfectly, if NOT GO gage also fits then tolerance is not met.
45
Gages Snap Gage with adjustable anvils
46
Gages Pneumatic Gage
47
Modern Measuring Instruments and Machines
Electronic gauges Laser Micrometers Laser Interferometry Photoelectric digital length measurement Coordinate-measuring machines (CMM)
48
Electronic Gauges Determine travel length by changes in electrical resistance, inductance, or capacitance. A commonly used E-Gauge is the linear-variable differential transformer (LVDT) Generally use a very accurate specified probe tip.
49
Laser Micrometers A laser beam scans a workpiece, generally at a rate of 350 times per second. Generally capable of resolutionsas high as µm (5 µin).
50
Laser Interferometry Used primarily to check and calibrate machine tools. Also are used to compensate for positioning errors in CMM and CNC machines
51
Photoelectric Digital Length Measurement
Measures basic dimensions of general 3D parts. Resolution ranges from µm.
52
Coordinate-Measuring Machines (CMM)
Very versatile and capable of measuring complex profiles with resolution of 0.25 µm; 10µin at high speeds. Larger machines can be expensive although most of the touch probe machines for small shops cost around $20k
53
More CMM’s
54
References www.brownandsharpe.com www.faro.com www.lk-cmm.com
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.