The overall classification of this briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

The overall classification of this briefing is UNCLASSIFIED
EUCOM Vision for Africa …and opportunities for USMC engagement COL David Crawford EUCOM ECJ5 Africa Division Chief 19 January 2006 The overall classification of this briefing is UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

Briefing Objectives Unique opportunity to articulate EUCOM security cooperation programs and objectives to a service audience Goal of briefing will be to promote shared understanding of COCOM security cooperation requirements, and to highlight opportunities for engagement in areas which are uniquely suited to USMC skill sets Objective is to foster cooperation and engender direct support of EUCOM theater security cooperation objectives by the service, through the components USMC support of these objectives will address capability gaps and warfighting shortfalls in the EUCOM theater, and will provide exceptional opportunities for USMC personnel

EUCOM Area of Responsibility
35% of earth’s landmass 60% of planet’s coastline 20% of the earth’s waters 23% of world population 50 million sq km of land 220,000 km of coastline 70 million sq km of water 1.4 billion people 91 countries

Africa Challenges African-specific challenges
UNCLASSIFIED Africa Challenges African-specific challenges Porous borders throughout continent Absence of state capacity or political will to exercise control Poor infrastructure Poor governance Lack of professional militaries Lack of cooperation between nations UNCLASSIFIED

Africa in 2015: Desired End-State
“We seek a Europe that is a global partner for peace and security, an Africa that is self-sufficient and stable, and a broader Middle East at peace founded on a transformed, expeditionary USEUCOM advancing US interests forward that promotes regional security and stability, through enduring cooperation with a transforming and expanding NATO, the development of other capable regional security organizations, and effective security cooperation programs.” General James L. Jones

EUCOM Objectives Assist the AU and African regional organizations
Develop security structures and foster stability Focus assistance on programs that promote self-sufficiency and self-sustainment Help African Standby Forces become fully mission capable Security programs Foster better military training and education, peace operations capabilities, resources, and infrastructure Stability programs Partner with other organizations to improve education, social conditions, and governance

7 Cooperation Countries
EUCOM Focus Countries South Africa Ghana Morocco Nigeria Algeria Angola Uganda Botswana Rwanda Sao Tome Tunisia Senegal Tanzania Zambia Liberia Cameroon Gabon 53 Total Countries 42 in EUCOM AOR 10 Priority Partners 7 Cooperation Countries Our 10 African Priority Partners are: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Ghana, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tunisia, and Uganda. In addition we have 7 Cooperation Countries that receive a more limited amount of focus. These countries offer the greatest return for our security cooperation investments. We will work with these nations to develop into capable, reliable partners that can take part in coalitions, with or without American presence, to resolve regional security issues.

EUCOM Security Cooperation Programs

Security Cooperation Programs
Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) Africa Contingency Operations Training and Assistance (ACOTA) Support to AU and African regional organizations Multinational exercises Operation Enduring Freedom—Trans-Sahara (OEF-TS) Medical initiatives Education initiatives Liberia security sector reform Fusion cells Communications initiatives

Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI)
GPOI is a presidential initiative providing $660M over 5 years to build capability for conducting peace operations Worldwide in scope, yet weighted effort is in Africa Funding FY05, $96M Goal is to train and equip 75,000 peacekeepers worldwide by 2010 Establish a deployment and logistics support capacity Conduct multi-national peace operation exercises Support constabulary/gendarme Centers of Excellence Provide assistance to international peacekeeping training centers EUCOM needs: Security force trainers Under GPOI, the US government will train approximately 75,000 foreign peace operations personnel over the next five years, potentially beginning in FY05. Of the 75,000 personnel, approximately 45,000 will be trained in USEUCOM’s AOR--30,000 in Africa and 15,000 in Europe/Eurasia. In addition, GPOI consists of these other components.

ACOTA Africa Contingency Operations Training and Assistance
Initiated in 1997 to enhance existing African PKO capabilities DoS funded; DoS and DoD jointly executed Goal is to provide training on infantry skills, human rights, humanitarian operations, and rules of engagement consistent with Chapter VII of UN charter Specifics: ACOTA currently training approximately 19 battalions a year in Africa utilizing a “train-the-trainer” approach Since 9/11 almost completely contractor-trained EUCOM needs: Security force trainers

Support to the African Union
Support to the AU Situation Room upgrades for and development of communications infrastructure DoS apportioned $2.2M of FY05 GPOI funds for upgrade Network installation at AU HQ Known as Africa Regional Information Exchange System (ARIES) US DoD advisor and EUCOM LNO on staff at the AU HQ Creation of Peace Operations Intelligence Fusion Cell at AU HQ EUCOM needs: Staff LNOs, intel experts, comm experts AU Situation Room improvements: US Department of State has apportioned $2.2M of FY05 GPOI funds for the upgrade of the command control and communications (C3) infrastructure of the AU. State’s priority for establishing communications links is first between the AU and the RECs (in order ECOWAS, SADC, EAC, ECCAS), and then with the ten deployed AU Field Missions. Africa Regional Information Exchange System (ARIES) Network The Africa Regional Information Exchange System (ARIES) will serve as the primary system for critical information exchange among the African Union Headquarters, Regional Security Organizations, and deployed peacekeeping forces. ARIES will provide the strategic multinational C2 capabilities which are vital to the AU. DOD Advisor/EUCOM LNO to Africa Union Justification: The DOD Advisor/LNO to the Africa Union provides a continuous DOD presence and engagement with the AU staff as well as the UK/FR LNOs on a daily basis. Facilitates effective DOD/EUCOM engagement with the Africa Union. Improved Intelligence capabilities in Regional Organizations. Recommend funding activities in support of Intelligence Preparation of the Environment for Peace Support Operations. This includes establishment of a J2/G2/Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence at Africa Union Headquarters, as well as establishment of a Peace Operations Intelligence Fusion Cell in AU Headquarters.

African Union Standby Force
ASF HQ (Addis Ababa) Regional ASF Brigade North Regional ASF Brigade West Regional ASF Brigade Central Regional ASF Brigade East Regional ASF Brigade South CENSAD Community of Sahel-Saharan States ECCAS (CEMAC) Economic Community of Central African States SADC Southern African Development Community A key component of EUCOM theater security cooperation strategy is strengthening African nations and regional economic organizations. Building capacity for conflict prevention, management and resolution will help create stability necessary for African nations to implement those reforms necessary for sustained economic growth and development. A successful African Union (AU) will have capabilities to resolve conflicts, fight terrorism, support good governance and democratic reform, and encourage market-oriented economic policies. EUCOM’s support for the AU’s Peace and Security Council (PSC) and its regional African Standby Forces (ASF) will result in a continental security framework. ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States IGAD Inter-Government Authority on Development

Support to Regional Organizations
Support to ECOWAS and other African regional Organizations Strategic training for Mission Planning and Management Cell (MPMC) Mil-to-Mil support of ECOWAS training programs Network installation at ECOWAS HQ EUCOM LNO to ECOWAS Creation of Peace Operations Intelligence Fusion Cell at ECOWAS HQ Development of Center of Excellence for Operational Intelligence Training EUCOM needs: Staff LNOs, security force trainers, intel experts, comm experts Strategic Training for Mission Planning and Management Cell (MPMC). Formed in October Consists of 10 military officers from ECOWAS member nations. Support to the ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF): ECOWAS leads efforts among the African Union regions to standup a 6,500-man regional peacekeeping force. ECOWAS must be convinced that they must break their reliance on donor provided contract logistics. ERIES Network The ECOWAS Regional Information Exchange System (ERIES) is the primary system for critical information exchange among ECOWAS member states. ERIES is capable of providing the strategic multinational command and control capabilities which are vital to ECOWAS. Current ECOWAS plans for the creating the ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF) include ERIES as part of the command and control systems. DOD Advisor/EUCOM LNO to ECOWAS The DOD Advisor/LNO to ECOWAS provides a continuous DOD presence and engagement with the ECOWAS staff as well as the UK/FR LNOs on a daily basis. During the time while the ECOWAS Secretariat develops the Mission Planning and Management Cell (MPMC), the core Task Force Headquarters and the ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF), day to day contact is critical and provides for a better understanding of the challenges, development of support requests, and facilitates effective DOD/EUCOM engagement with the ECOWAS Secretariat. ERIES Network Expansion Completes the installation of the ECOWAS Regional Information Exchange System (ERIES) by installing computer terminals and network connectivity and services to the remainder of the ECOWAS Staff, Africa Union HQ Staff, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau in FY06, followed by Liberia in FY07.

US Special Forces Training Exercises TRAINING CRUISE (WATC)
US—African Exercises African Exercise Program Disaster Preparedness NATURAL FIRE C4I AFRICA ENDEAVOR Special Forces FLINTLOCK CT Training SHARED ACCORD Medical Training MEDFLAG Naval Forces West African Training Cruise AFRICAN LION MEDSHARK ATLAS EAGLE ATLAS DROP US Special Forces Training Exercises FLINTLOCK SOF Training BRIGHT STAR SHARED ACCORD NATURAL FIRE - North African Exercises AFRICAN LION—Morocco, ground-centric, currently hosted at new CAPDRAA Range MEDSHARK—Morocco, biennial; even FYs, Air-centric exercise, last incorporated into PULSEX 04 as MAJESTIC EAGLE/MEDSHARK ATLAS DROP—Tunisia, SETAF-led ground-centric with airborne ops and when possible amphibious ops included (Note: hasn’t executed recently due to non-availability of SETAF personnel) ATLAS EAGLE—Tunisia, biennial; odd FYs, Air-centric exercise, last executed in conjunction with USAFE-led MAJOR MANAR WTD, Dec 04. – Disaster Preparedness NATURAL FIRE—CENTCOM exercise; MARCENT-led, with EAC partner nations Kenya, Uganda & Tanzania. Last executed 2000 as a CPX in Kenya. Exercise originally planned as an FTX in Tanzania. – C4I AFRICA ENDEAVOR—Initiative to encourage information sharing and improved interoperability between nations and organizations. Ethiopia, Botswana, and South Africa will participate. Exercise scheduled for Apr 06. – Special Forces FLINTLOCK—JSOTF training, FLINTLOCK 05 centered in Trans Sahel with Senegal, Algeria, Mauritania, Mali, Niger Chad and Nigeria. Incorporating an African coalition CPX exercise with all host nations in Senegal and JCET small unit training in each nation. LAYMEN TEACHER—SOFEX 05, Phase I command post exercise (CPX), Phase II CPX with a small field training exercise (FTX) portion for SOCEUR''s in-theater assigned forces, and Phase III is a full-up FTX involving both the national forces and interagency participation. Its purpose is to exercise CJCS CONPLAN 0300. JCETs - Provides area oriented JMETL training for Special Operations Forces (SOF) having wartime and contingency missions in Africa. Exercises SOF personnel language and other cultural skills. Improves the proficiency/qualify SOF units or teams in a specific subject or general category of training in a host nation. – OEF-TS FLINTLOCK African Nation CPX—New exercise designed to enhance capabilities of regional militaries in the Trans Sahel. Completed in Jun 05. – Peace Keeping Training SHARED ACCORD—Shared Accord 06 will take place in Niger, and is focused on two things: 1) Maintaining the relationship established during the 2004 PSI training; 2) Building on the CT training that the Nigerien PSI company previously received. MARFOREUR's intent for Shared Accord in the future is to swap between Niger and Chad. – Medical Training Exercises MEDFLAG—Annual three part Medical training exercise in existence since 1980s. Emphasizes didactic training, mass casualty emergency procedures via an FTX and Medical Civilian Assistance Program (MEDCAPs). USAFE-led JTF training (Even FYs), NAVEUR/USAREUR in alternating (Odd FYs). Normally MEDFLAG includes a Civil Engineering project refurbishing a civil facility like a village clinic or school. – Navy/Marine Force Exercises West African Training Cruise (WATC)—A JCS-directed, USEUCOM-scheduled, NAVEUR-sponsored and conducted, joint and combined classic naval presence mission conducted annually since 1978 in West African littoral nations. WATC alternates annually between a series of Seabee construction projects and a medical visit (odd years) and an amphibious ship visit (even years). The ship visit is normally accompanied by a Marine force and these forces combine to visit 6-8 countries per exercise. MEDFLAG WEST AFRICAN TRAINING CRUISE (WATC) AFRICA ENDEAVOR

UNCLASSIFIED OEF—TS EUCOM Operation Enduring Freedom—Trans-Sahara (OEF-TS): Train and equip HN forces to conduct rapid-reaction operations in order to preclude terrorists and terror organizations from establishing sanctuaries in the Sahel region Area of Interest Algeria Morocco Tunisia Mauritania Chad Niger Mali Nigeria Senegal OEF-TS objectives: Defeat, Deny, and Diminish development of terrorist safe havens in Trans-Sahara Africa Our focus for OEF-TS are the nine countries presented here. This area is of strategic importance as it has been and will remain conducive to supporting terrorism—given its’ remote ungoverned spaces, weak governments and in many countries, little capacity to counter emerging threats within the Area of Interest. In support of the National Strategy for Combating Terrorism, this plan is preventive in nature and supports three of the 4 D’s in the NSCT—Defeat, Deny and Diminish the development of terrorist networks, specifically, in Trans-Sahara Africa. This is particularly true of the Sahel nations as they fall in the “weak but willing” category in capabilities needed to exercise authority over their territory to fight terrorism. Also in the AOR are the Magreb nations and Nigeria, “Willing and able” nations that have a capability, are affected by the terrorist threat and would welcome support to eliminate a common threat. EUCOM needs: Small unit CT trainers, intel and comm experts, info ops specialists, and aviation maintenance MTTs UNCLASSIFIED 16

Medical Initiatives Goal of these initiatives is to leverage humanitarian assistance programs to combat disease, relieve human suffering, and improve the lives of Africans HIV/AIDS Program ($29.8M in FY05) Malaria Prevention Program Humanitarian Mine Action Program Medical facility, clinic, orphanage, and school construction Specifics: Use of Humanitarian Assistance Excess Property to supply clinics, hospitals, and schools with equipment and supplies Synchronization of MEDFLAG, MEDCAP, WATC, and JCET medical and dental outreach to support HA objectives EUCOM needs: Medical personnel, engineers, and combat engineers

Education Initiatives
US International Military Education and Training (IMET) program resources exert influence and promote democratic ideals $11.0M budgeted in FY06 Key points: Importance of IMET can not be overstated… IMET is one of the single most important security cooperation tools at our disposal “Shapes” emerging African leaders and influences future of the entire continent EUCOM focus is on support to African regional security partners EUCOM needs: CONUS facilities for training, academic instructors, and deployable training teams

Liberia Security Sector Reform
Liberia security sector reform (SSR) is a stated DoS priority and a specific OSD theater security cooperation objective Part of USG effort to establish effective governance in Liberia DoS funded initiative—$95M over four years Goal is to train and equip BDE HQ, 2 INF BN, MP CO, and a Band (2000 troops) EUCOM needs: OSD / DoS concept for up to 18 military mentors—179 day rotations for approximately three years (target start date Jun 06) Minimum manning would be 8 personnel (2 per BN and 2 at BDE HQ, 2 at MOD) Embedded in units following initial training (completed by contractors) SSR is a DoS led program funded at $95M over four years. The objective is the complete overhaul of the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) in order to develop a professional, apolitical military that subordinates itself to civilian leadership and respects human rights. SSR is a component of the overall US Government's effort to establish effective governance in Liberia. The SSR funding program is as follows: FY04 - $35M FY05 - $25M FY06 - $20M* FY07 - $15M* (asterix indicates future funding proposals) SSR will resource the training, equipping, and infrastructure construction for the brigade headquarters, two infantry battalions, an MP company, and a band. The total manpower strength is approximately 2,000 soldiers, which was reduced from 4000 because MPRI conducted a budgetary assessment and determined that the future GOL will initially only be able to pay/sustain a force of 2000. Currently, SSR is finished with the demobilization phase. Dynacorp has processed over 14,000 former combatants, which include rebels, war recruits, and a portion of the old AFL. Refurbishment of the primary training base (Camp Sheifflin) is ongoing. Recruiting and qualification begins 18 Jan. DoS thinks training will begin in Feb 06. Dynacorp and PA&E are the two primary contractors for this program. Dynacorp has the responsibility for the demobilization of the former warring parties, the recruitment of the new AFL, the basic training of new recruits, and the construction of the infrastructure to support the training. PA&E will construct the infrastructure for the permanent basing, and provide logistical support and civilian mentors to the AFL for one year. EUCOM is attempting to support the minimum request of approximately eight uniformed personnel to Liberian (LBR) Security Sector Reform (SSR) to serve as mentors in order to professionalize a newly created Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL). An FMS training case has been submitted requesting volunteers to fill these requirements, the ODC/ECJ4 have received negative response from USMC and are still awaiting response from USA. DASD-AA Theresa Whelan recommends six to eight personnel to support LBR SRR as a priority, even at the cost of jeopardizing EUCOM support to other programs such as ACOTA. DOS Africa Affairs prioritizes both LBR SSR and ACOTA equally. The funding for travel, per diem and expenses is covered by Title 22 funds (however, T22 funds cannot cover the pay and salary of reservists). This support would phase in over six months, starting as early as Jun 06. That said, there will be steep costs to EUCOM associated with filling this request. Sourcing will be a challenge due to OPSTEMPO. The personnel requested are from leadership positions: O-6, O-5, two O-4/3s and multiple senior NCOs. The most obvious source of personnel, USAREUR. Of its four maneuver BDEs, two are deployed, one deploys Jan 06 and another deploys Jun 06. When these BDEs return from deployments some will transform and others will transfer to CONUS. A Stryker BDE will arrive in Jun 06 but will be a poor choice to resource this request. The USAREUR OPFOR personnel filling ACOTA program billets (3 week commitment for ACOTA) between training events and piecemeal deployments are a poor fit for a 179 day TDY to LBR. MARFOREUR has no forces assigned and very limited staff billets. As Title 22 cannot fund the pay and salary of reservists, ECRA has no funding source to provide personnel. SOCEUR is fully engaged with OEF-TS and other operational requirements and thus does not have reserve forces to employ for LBR SSR. The most likely source for this manpower will be EUCOM staff and component staffs--each leader sent to LBR will have an impact on his/her unit. EUCOM should seek to engage the JS to secure non-EUCOM personnel to assist filling this request. The JS does not consider a Title 22 mission in general, and LBR SSR in particular, appropriate to task Title 10 resources, thus any manpower will have to provided through EUCOM. To attain other forces, LBR SSR will have to elevate to an importance such that the JS issues a planning or execution order. This four year, $100m program is a priority for the USG; interagency commitment should reflect its importance.

Fusion Cells Central Africa Fusion Cell
OSD and DOS strongly support this project, involving improved communications and enhanced intelligence coordination Primary goal is to foster confidence, communication, and cooperation among the African governments involved Secondary goal is sharing of intelligence on mutual threats EUCOM needs: G-3 experts to provide MTT on operational planning G-2 experts to provide periodic mentoring visits

Communications Initiatives
Initiatives designed to enable Africans to do their own command, control, communications, and information sharing across the African Continent in support of regional Peacekeeping Operations African Initiatives ($7.0M in FY05) AU C3IS Roadmap ECOWAS Regional Information Exchange System (ERIES) African Endeavor Bilateral HF radio fielding ISO cross border operations EUCOM needs: Communications trainers

EUCOM Security Cooperation Initiatives

Initiatives Maritime security EUCOM—Policy lead CNE—Operational lead
Focus on building maritime security capacity and capability on continent with our African partners Air security USAFE—Operational lead Focus is on improving air safety and security in Africa while reducing threat from “ungoverned airspace”

Maritime Security Challenges
In Africa, threats in the maritime domain vary widely in scope Terrorism Proliferation Smuggling, oil theft, and piracy Fisheries violations Environmental degradation No universal legal framework for maritime security exists Many countries in the AOR lack the capability or political will to enforce maritime laws Significant and serious deficiencies in capabilities among partner nations

Africa’s Swahili Coast
West Indian Ocean region: Abundant natural resources Developing region with growing US investment Increasing importance in WOT as “safe haven” for terror elements Fragile stability, poor security Over $18 billion in lost revenue from fishery violations in Tanzania alone Significant deficiencies in coastal defense and maritime security capabilities Mozambique Tanzania Kenya Somalia Madagascar Comoros Mauritius Seychelles Areas of Naval influence

Africa’s Gulf of Guinea
Abundant natural resources Top producer of light, sweet crude Accelerating foreign investment Direct access to EU and US oil refineries Fragile stability, poor security Significant deficiencies in coastal defense and maritime security capabilities Cameroon Nigeria Ghana Togo DROC Benin GoG Oil Production: The GoG is the third largest source of US oil imports, after the Persian Gulf and South America The GoG provides roughly 55 percent of US imports of light, sweet crude oil Over the next 10 years, GoG oil production will grow by 40 percent By 2020, the GoG will be one of the world's top four oil producers The importance of oil production in the Gulf of Guinea is increasing because the GoG produces light, sweet crude oil which is preferred by US refineries. Current trends in Chinese oil production suggest that competition for light, sweet crude will intensify, as China moves towards the same slate of high value products as the US and Europe. Economic impact on the EU and US economies from a loss of oil from the GoG would be significant. Modeling done by the National Commission on Energy Policy and Securing America’s Future Energy shows that a disruption of 600,000 barrels a day of Nigerian production could produce prices above $100/barrel and gas prices above $3.25/gallon in likely winter 2005 market conditions. No linkage has been shown as of yet between oil theft that occurs in the Niger Delta and terror organizations—but it is a possibility. Sao Tome and Principe Angola Equatorial Guinea Gabon Republic of the Congo

Maritime Security: Desired End-State
Enhanced physical security of national and international ports, and improved control of littoral areas Collective and cooperative maritime security beyond littoral areas Partnership with Africans and allies in an area of common interest and of increasing importance Enhanced ability to detect, assess, and act to reduce or eliminate criminal maritime activities within the span of control of our African partners in the region Shared maritime domain awareness in harbor and coastal areas, and on the surrounding high seas Implicit protection of friendly, allied, and neutral shipping, and defense against threats to the United States and its interests

EUCOM Maritime Security Strategy
In partnership with CNE, USCG, the US interagency, and our allies, offer to train host-nation coast guards and navies in order to build capacity and capability to conduct and coordinate the maritime security mission Assess Train Equip Littoral Area

Maritime Security Way Ahead
CNE is EUCOM operational lead for maritime security initiatives EUCOM has sponsored the creation of an interagency working group Goal of group will be to evaluate and implement maritime domain awareness and maritime security solutions in select countries on the continent Initial focus of efforts will center on five Gulf of Guinea nations Nigeria, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea EUCOM and CNE will promote the development of African maritime security capacity and capability over a ten year period in these countries Phased approach: Crawl – Walk – Run

Maritime Security Requirements
EUCOM needs: Force Protection assessments and training Physical security assessments and training Small arms use and safety training Riverine training teams Maintenance training Communications experts Communications equipment and training Intelligence LNOs Aviation support to maritime security mission CNE Requirements: * Internal waterways security (patrol & protection) training * Force Protection assessments and training * Physical security assessments and training (from base security to martial arts) * Small arms use and safety training * Leadership/NCO training * Communications training * Computers and network administrator training * English language training

Broad expanses of “ungoverned airspace”
Air Security Challenges Broad expanses of “ungoverned airspace” Many African states are ineffective in monitoring their own airspace Contributes to an environment that supports smuggling of arms, drugs, and people around the continent Effective ATC over much of Africa is largely non-existent Radar coverage is limited to areas around major international airports The Threat—Ungoverned Airspace Luanda Airport, Angola May 03—Boeing 727 disappeared—never found The Threat—Ungoverned Airspace Luanda Airport, Angola—Boeing 727 (N844AA) disappeared (May 2003) Aircraft Transponder turned off Angola ATC not able to track Last voice report—request to land in Seychelles Aircraft never found

Air Security Challenges (cont’d)
“Africa aviation is another world. Anything can happen there…” Chris Hayes Security Analyst Janes’ Aviation Root Causes: Poor infrastructure Sub-standard and non-interoperable equipment Poor training and procedures Lack of coordination between countries Corruption in issuance of air operators licenses

Air Security: Desired End-State
Enhanced security of national and international airports, air traffic control, and air facilities Reduction in amount of “ungoverned airspace” Improved air traffic control and air security across Africa Follow-on ability to detect, assess, and identify aircraft sufficiently to support interdiction of illegal aviation operating within sovereign airspace African countries recognize the importance of aviation safety and airport security to their own development Shared air traffic control information at the national and regional level Partnership with Africans and allies in a long-term development effort Africans are able to fully participate in future air transportation network

EUCOM Air Security Strategy
Near-term goal is to promote the development of adequate air control capability in Africa while reducing the threat from “ungoverned airspace” on the continent Mid-term goal is partnership with African nations to improve air sovereignty capabilities Effort will require EUCOM / USAFE partnership with US interagency, especially DOS, FAA, and DOT Baseline for operational capabilities development

Air Security Way Ahead USAFE will act as EUCOM operational lead
EUCOM has sponsored the creation of an interagency working group to evaluate and implement air security solutions in partnership with select countries on continent Goal of group will be to encourage modernization of existing ATC equipment in selected countries of interest To promote “unity of effort” with maritime security initiative, EUCOM will focus initially on promoting development in five Gulf of Guinea countries Nigeria, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea EUCOM and USAFE will work together with the interagency to promote the development of African air control capability in each of these countries 36

Air Security Requirements
EUCOM needs: Air traffic control trainers Airfield security force training teams Parallel effort—Development of indigenous African airlift capability LNOs to AU HQ To assist with establishment of AU airlift coordination center, aviation “centers of excellence”, and aviation maintenance / logistics depots on continent Aviation maintenance training teams to select African nations

Maritime and Air Security—Focus Region
Initial focus region: Nigeria Cameroon Sao Tome and Principe Equatorial Guinea Gabon Nigeria Cameroon Sao Tome and Principe Equatorial Guinea Gabon 14 14 14 10 1

Opportunities for USMC Engagement in EUCOM Theater

Opportunities for USMC Engagement
Near-term Support to Liberia security sector reform initiative Support to EUCOM / SOCEUR in OEF-TS campaign USMC participation would be a significant force multiplier Small unit CT trainers, aviation maintenance MTTs, medical personnel, and information operations specialists Increased USMC participation in exercises with an emphasis on coordinated multi-national operations Support EUCOM efforts to develop intelligence fusion cells LNOs to AU regional brigade headquarters and staffs Training Security forces in select countries throughout continent Focus on training African peace operations forces and OEF-TS partners

Opportunities (cont’d)
Mid-term USMC support to EUCOM / CNE maritime security strategy and campaign plan for Africa in order to “operationalize” maritime security initiatives Training USMC trainers could provide training in port security practices and procedures in conjunction with ship visits and exercises Marine Corps “riverine” training could be provided to select African partners in order to promote indigenous maritime security capacity and capability throughout the theater USMC expertise could also be leveraged in order to build maritime security TTPs and doctrine (e.g., port security, maritime law enforcement, counter-narcotics, etc.)

Opportunities (cont’d)
Long-term USMC aviation expertise could be applied to significantly enhance EUCOM / USAFE air safety and security improvement initiatives Training USMC air traffic controllers could be used to provide training to African civil and military air traffic control personnel USMC aviation expertise could be leveraged to support developing African air forces and African airlift capability Maintenance training Loadmaster training

Potential Areas for USMC Engagement
Algeria Communications initiatives Niger C-130 MTTs Support to OEF-TS Small unit CT trainers Aviation maintenance MTTs Medical personnel Information operation experts Communications experts Opportunities for engagement abound on continent: Marine C-130 maintenance MTT could be sent to Niger in support of airlift requirements Comm experts sent in support of Tenere and OEF-TS communications requirements

AU Headquarters LNOs Comms experts Intel experts ECOWAS LNOs Peace operations force trainers Comms experts Intel experts Opportunities for engagement abound on continent: Liaison to AU regional standby forces such as ECOWAS Trainers to AU HQ in support of AU communications and / or fusion cell development Provide opportunities for “boot camp” training of African units and forces in CONUS

Uganda Intel experts Liberia LNOs Mil-to-Mil trainers Ghana Expeditionary helo dets Aviation maintenance training Peace operations training Botswana Opportunities for engagement abound on continent: Support to Liberia security sector reform (SSR) efforts Assistance to Ghana in development of expeditionary capability for ECOWAS helicopter detachment Provide opportunities for “boot camp” training of African units and forces in CONUS Aviation maintenance training in South Africa and Botswana Intel experts to Uganda Peace operations training Aviation maintenance training South Africa Aviation maintenance training

Maritime Security Engagement
Cape Verde Senegal Nigeria Ghana Sao Tome Cameroon Tanzania USMC expertise leveraged to provide: Maritime security training to Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, Tanzania, and Senegal USMC training requested by CNE: * Internal waterways security (patrol & protection) training * Force Protection assessments and training * Physical security assessments and training (from base security to martial arts) * Small arms use and safety training * Leadership/NCO training * Communications training * Computers and network administrator training * English language training Gabon Angola Maritime security training in support of EUCOM Maritime Security Initiative for Africa

Benefits Tangible benefits to the USMC:
Expanded experience base for USMC units, especially “non-traditional” MOSs Improved knowledge and experience base in support of future African operations Potential for independent operations led by hard-charging junior Marines, particularly in non-traditional, yet vital MOSs (e.g., Comm, Intel, Air C2, etc.) Outstanding opportunity to forge relationships, friendships, and long-term partnerships with our African partners Experience working abroad, in direct support of USG national strategy, while making a real difference with our African partners Non-traditional, unique opportunity for integration with component commands and Combatant Commander

Questions ?

Assessing Maritime Forces
Establish assessment process Increase funding for CNE / Coast Guard assessments Develop host nation and regional capability to conduct initial and recurring assessments Conduct security assessments Facilities: pier-side infrastructure and waterways Capabilities: training, equipment, personnel, and best practices

Training Maritime Forces
Exercises Bilateral and regional military exercises Command post training Communication exercises Mil-to-Mil events Ship visits, personnel exchanges, and mobile training teams International Military Education and Training (IMET) Basic military training, technical schools, professional military education, ship security, maritime law enforcement, and counter-terrorism training Conferences and seminars Government, military, and industry leaders

Equipping Maritime Forces
Equipment requirements vary significantly from country to country based on individual capabilities and the specific threat environment Foreign military sales and equipment transfers Binoculars, weapons, night vision equipment, active sensors (radar), and passive sensors (acoustic, infrared) Vehicles, rigid inflatable craft, patrol craft, coastal patrol craft, and blue water interdiction vessels Aerostat, small aircraft Excess property Office equipment Computers Communications equipment

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