1. This session will introduce the concept of natural hazards and disasters at the coast through the example of the recent tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean. Session 1: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster (Source: NASA Earth Observatory; aerial photo of Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka on 12/26/04) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 1. 1, Lecture Outline

2. Introduction: Natural Hazards in the Coastal Zone Slide 1. 2, Introduction Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in this course can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well. A disaster is when a natural hazard clashes with humans and development. The Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster of December 26, 2004 will be discussed in this session. Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source:http://homepage.mac.com/de mark/tsunami/2.html)http://homepage.mac.com/de mark/tsunami/2.html (Source: http://sunsite.nus.edu.s g/asiasvc.html) http://sunsite.nus.edu.s g/asiasvc.html

3. The Setting – Natural Environment I Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 1. 3, The Setting (Source:http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~small/ Pop/HypsoDemo/S.E.Asia.html)http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~small/ Pop/HypsoDemo/S.E.Asia.html

4. The Setting – Natural Environment II (Source: USGS) To see significant ridges in the Indian Ocean: http://ace.acadiau.ca/science/geol/rr aeside/quizzes/worldmap3i.htm Slide 1. 4, The Natural Hazard Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

5. The Natural Hazard – What is a Tsunami? Slide 1. 5, The Natural Hazard To see a visual representation of tsunami generation, follow this weblink: Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course http://ffden- 2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_su leimani/generation_small.mov (Source:http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/lessons/indiv/davis/inprogress/QuakesEn g3.html)

6. The Natural Hazard – How it Happened Slide 1. 6, The Natural Hazard (Source: NOAA) Use the links provided above to watch simulations of tsunamis. The tsunami of December 26, 2004 is believed to have been caused by a 9.0-9.3 magnitude earthquake, have a wave height of up to 10 meters, and inundated land up to 2 kilometers from the shoreline in some areas. Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course http://es.ucsc.edu/~ward/indo.mov http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/ world/04/tsunami/swf/tsunami.swf?pat h=/nol/shared/spl/hi/world/04/tsunami/

7. The Disaster – Where it Happened Slide 1. 7, The Disaster (Source: www.reliefweb.int)www.reliefweb.int The tsunami struck a number of countries and took from 15 minutes to seven hours to reach the different coastlines. Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0, 5860,1380592,00.html Follow this link to see a NOAA slide show giving a timeline with places hit by the tsunami (Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPE CIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/ )http://edition.cnn.com/SPE CIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/

8. The Disaster – Human Loss Slide 1. 8, The Disaster This animation makes it possible to see how people and property could easily be swept out to the open ocean, with devastating effects. (Source: CNN; http://edition.cnn.co m/SPECIALS/2004/t sunami.disaster/) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course Animation Example of run-up and its effects on the built environment: http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/645fall2003_web.dir/elena_suleimani/runup4.mov

9. The Disaster – Property Loss Slide 1. 9, The Disaster Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course Before and after satellite images of the damage (Source: NASA Earth Observatory)

10. The Disaster – Economic Loss Slide 1. 10, The Disaster (Source:http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/tsunami.disaster/) Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm)http://www.lonelyplanet.com/tsunami/srilanka.cfm The impact on coastal fishing communities and fishermen has been devastating with high losses of income earners as well as boats and fishing gear The Sri Lankan Ministry of Labour and Employment has estimated that as many as 800,000 people lost their jobs due to the tsunami.

11. The Setting – Socio-Political Environment Slide 1. 11, The Setting The countries most influenced by the tsunami include: Indonesia, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, India, & Sri Lanka (Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Image:2004_Indian_Ocean_earth quake_-_affected_countries.png)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Image:2004_Indian_Ocean_earth quake_-_affected_countries.png (Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/images/tsunami_map.gif)http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/images/tsunami_map.gif Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course

12. The Setting – Built Environment (Source:http://tourism.gov.my/stat istic/hotels_rooms_supply.asp)http://tourism.gov.my/stat istic/hotels_rooms_supply.asp May 18, 1980 Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course State Supply of HotelsSupply of Rooms 20032002 (%) Chan ge 20032002 (%) Chan ge Kuala Lumpur177 180 -1.727,045 26,917 0.5 Selangor83 90 -7.812,182 11,910 2.3 Pulau Pinang128 109 17.412,767 11,972 6.6 Johor191 217 -12.010,778 12,136 -11.2 Melaka79 85 -7.15,994 6,803 -11.9 Pahang274 227 20.720,428 14,850 37.6 Kedah124 106 17.010,435 9,631 8.3 Perak167 0.07,685 7,527 2.1 Negeri Sembilan 51 58 -12.14,479 4,722 -5.1 Terengganu181 142 27.56,913 5,903 17.1 Kelantan65 63 3.22,834 2,564 10.5 Perlis9 6 50.0389 318 22.3 Labuan22 21 4.8931 964 -3.4 Sabah183 167 9.610,580 9,904 6.8 Sarawak255 240 6.310,940 10,421 5.0 Slide 1. 12, The Setting Tourist Hotels contribute a large amount of development to the built environment in the coastal zones of the Indian Ocean, in sharp contrast with the housing available to residents in this very poor region. Tourism, along with agriculture and fishing are the major industries driving the economies of Southeast Asia. Supply of hotels in the states of Malaysia

13. Recovery Efforts Slide 1. 13, Recovery Efforts (Source:http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html)http://www.washcoll.edu/wc/news/pre ss_releases/05_01_04_tsunami.html The plight of the many affected people and countries prompted a widespread humanitarian response Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H umanitarian_response_to_th e_2004_Indian_Ocean_earth quake) (Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/s tory.php?storyId=4500992)

14. Reconstruction Efforts I Slide 1. 14, Reconstruction Efforts Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/T sunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/T sunamiAftermathNorthofPhuket_NASA.jpg

15. Reconstruction Efforts II (Source:http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId =4500992) (Source:http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20525827~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~the SitePK:4607,00.html)http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20525827~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~the SitePK:4607,00.html Slide 1. 15, Reconstruction Efforts Session 1: The 2004 Tsunami Disaster Coastal Hazards Management Course