1. By: Fred Lishman

2. aka taiga (coniferous forest) Covers over 11% of the earths land area Some forests are very thick Others can pass through easily http://www.kleercut.net/en/

3. Extend from Scandinavia to European Russia Across Siberia to central Alaska Canada between 50˚ and 65˚ N latitude Yellowstone National Park http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes /boreal.htm

4. Winters are long (more than 6 months) Summers are too short Cannot support a temperate forest In Russia and central Siberia temperature -70˚C in the winter Over 30˚C in summer Precipitation is moderate 200 – 600 mm Evaporation rates are low Drought is infrequent http://theborealforest.wordpress.com/cli mate/

5. Animals Beaver Black bear Bob cat Mink Fox Wolf Deer Rodent animals Wolverines Lynx Rabbits Bald Eagle Gray Jay Loon Grouse Raven Common birds Birds

6. Development Natural gas & oil reserves Global Warming Other plant species out competing coniferous forest Logging these forests are slow growth forests

7. http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/boreal.htm Fifth edition Ecology concepts and Applications