1. geoland Core Service bio-geophysical Parameter Issue I.1.00 Ralf Lindau UniBonn CSP Meeting 9 th September 2005 R&D Status report

2. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 2 Soil Moisture Retrieval for 2004  Global soil moisture fields for the second year (2004) are ready.  Resolution Half degree (50 km) 10 days

3. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 3 Duero Basin  Time series for one grid point in Spain during 2003/2004.  Two years of data are now available for the TUW comparison in the Duero Basin.

4. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 4 Two-step Retrieval  Longterm local mean of soil moisture (85.4 % of the total variance) Longterm mean of precipitation Soil texture Vegetation density Terrain slope  Remaining anomaly against the longterm local mean AMSR brightness temperatures (18 GHz, as 10 GHz is corrupted by RFI)

5. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 5 Calibration of local longtime means by Russian data  Local longtime means of soil moisture comprise the majority of soil moisture variance (85.4%)  Local longtime means can be retrieved with high accuracy (r=0.854) from: Climatological rain Vegetation density Soil texture Terrain slope

6. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 6 Validation with Illinois Data On global scale the Illinois data set represents practically only one single site. However, this spot is retrieved accurately, lying on the 1-to-1 line.

7. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 7 Chinese Soil Moisture Data  40 Stations  Measurements of 1m soil moisture for the period 1981 - 1999

8. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 8 Validation with Chinese Data Underestimation of the mean soil moisture by 74mm. (200 mm / 274 mm) Correlation low with 0.523 Mainly due to four desert stations.

9. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 9 So far the validation of the longtime means (which include the majority of variance). To improve the temporal performance, the availability of lower frequencies would be helpful, but they are disturbed by RFI.

10. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 10 Radio Frequency Interference In Europe the 10 GHz channel is completely noisy in England and Italy. In the USA the 6 GHz measurements are corrupted over New York, Boulder etc.

11. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 11 Monthly 10 GHz Time Series RFI is detectable by high monthly averages high monthly stddev. 250 K 300 K

12. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 12 Identification of RFI Sea ≈ 90 K Land ≈ 250 K Coast :Transition with high standard deviation. RFI :Warmer than land. Increased stddev.

13. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 13 Spatial averaged TB over land RFI is warmer than the normal land temperature. We need to know the normal TB for each region. Monthly averages over an area of 10° x 30°

14. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 14 Simple scheme for RFI identification TB> 260 K Stddev> 5 K  TB> 20 K compared to a 10° x 30° surrounding

15. geoland - CSP CSP Meeting, Lisbon, 9 th September 2005 15 Next actions  Delivery of source codes  Delivery of soil moisture data for 2004  Improvement of the RFI indentification scheme and development of a RFI correction scheme to make the lower frequencies of AMSR usable.