1. 內分泌系統 (Endocrine System)
醫學術語
內分泌系統
(Endocrine System)

2. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
Growth hormone
Too much:
Before puberty: gigantism
After puberty: acromegaly
Too less:
Drawfism

3. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
Prolactin
Too much:
Hyperprolactinemia
Prolactinoma
Galactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Gynecomastia

4. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
ACTH
Too much:
Cushing disease
Cushing syndrome
Moon face
Acne
Buffalo hump
Amenorrhea
Purple abdominal striae

5. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Too much:
SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secrection)
Hyponatremia
Too less
DI (Diabetes insipidus)
Urine osmolarity
Hypernatremia

6. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
Panhypopituitarism
Pituitary apoplexy
Sheehan’s syndrome
Hypogonadism

7. Hypothalamus & Pituitary gland ( 下視丘 & 腦下垂體 )
Eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia
Nausea
Vomiting
Acid regurgitation
Abdominal pain
Abdominal fullness
Early satiety

8. Thyroid gland T3 T4
TSH
Free T4

9. Thyroid gland Hyperthyroidism Exophthalmos Palpitation Tachycardia
Hand tremor
Graves’ disease
Thyroid storm
Antithyroid drug
Thyroidectomy

10. Thyroid gland Hypothyroidism Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Autoantibody
Myxedema coma
Cretinism
Thyroxine

11. Thyroid gland Goiter Diffuse goiter Nodular goiter Multinodular goiter
Thyroid cyst

12. Thyroid gland Thyroid sonography Thyroid puncture
=Thyroid echo
Thyroid puncture
Fine needle aspiration
Thyroid scan

13. Thyroid gland Thyroid cancer (carcinoma) Radioactive iodide
Papillary cancer
Follicular neoplasm
Follicular adenoma
Follicular cancer
Medullary cancer
Anaplastic cancer
Radioactive iodide
I-131 (Iodide one-thirty-one)

14. Parathyroid gland Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Chvostek’s sign
Trausseau’s sign
Tetany

15. Adrenal gland Cortex Medulla Cushing syndrome Conn’s disease
Addison’s disease
=Primary adrenal insufficiency
Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome
Medulla
Pheochromocytoma

16. 醫學術語
新陳代謝
(Metabolism)

17. Pancreas
Exocrine function
Endocrine function

18. Pancreas B(eta) cell Islet cell Islet transplantation
Pancreas transplantation
Insulin
Insulin resistence

19. Diabetes Mellitus Definition Fasting sugar Postprandial sugar
OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test)
IFG (impaired fasting glucose)
IGT (impaired glucose tolerance)

20. Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms 3P Polyuria Polyphagia Polydipsia
Body weight loss

21. Diabetes Mellitus Classification T1DM T2DM Secondary DM
GDM (Gestational DM)

22. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 DM (T1DM, T1D) Type 2 DM (T2DM, T2D)
=Insulin dependent diabetes
=Juvenile onset diabetes
Type 2 DM (T2DM, T2D)
=Non-insulin dependent diabetes
=Adult onset diabetes

23. Diabetes Mellitus Acute complication Hypoglycemia Cold sweating
Plpitation
Dizziness
Coma

24. Diabetes Mellitus Acute complication Hyperglycemia
DKA (Diabetic ketoacidosis)
HHNK (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma)
HHS (Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome)

25. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication Microangiopathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic neuropathy

26. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication Microangiopathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Background diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Vitreous hemorrhage
Blindness

27. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication Microangiopathy
Diabetic nephropathy
Microproteinuria
Macroproteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome
Uremia
End stage renal disease
Hemodialysis

28. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication Microangiopathy
Diabetic neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Autonomic neuropathy
Neurogenic bladder

29. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic complication Macroangiopathy
Cerebrovascular disease
Stroke
Cerebral infarction
Cerebral hemorrhage
Coronary artery disease
Angina pectoris
Unstable angina
Acute myocardial infarction
Peripheral vascular disease
Diabetic foot

30. Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Life style modification Medication
Diet control
Exercise
Medication
OHA (oral hypoglycemic agent)
=OAD (oral antidiabetic agent)
Insulin injection

31. Obesity
Ideal body weight
Overweight
Obesity
Morbid obesity

32. Obesity Body mass index (BMI) Body fat Waist circumference
Hip circumference
W/H ratio

33. Obesity Treatment Life style modification Medication Surgery
Diet control
Exercise
Medication
Orlistat (Xenicol)
Sibutramine (Reductil)
Surgery
Bariatric surgery

34. Gout
Gout
Gouty arthritis
Uric acid
Hyperuricemia
Tophi
Podagra
Purine