1. What is Science?

2. Typical Scientist?

3. The Universe (in the eye of the beholder)

4. Ancient Greece Natural phenomena due to natural causes not supernatural agents 4 elements (fire, air water, and earth)

5. Mathematics is the fuel that drives the science machine.

6. Shapes (Geometry)

7. Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) Science a balance between observation and deduction Tremendous influence on scientific thought

8. Roman Empire Interested in world domination not science Created Greco- Roman synthesis – for two millennia shaped the Western tradition

9. Ptolemaic Solar System Geocentric (Earth- centered) system advanced by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy (85 – 165 AD)

10. Galen (129 – 219 AD) How do living things work?

11. Fall of the Roman Empire

12. Christian Theology Knowledge is contained in the revealed word No need to ask “why” questions

13. Scriptorium Church controlled knowledge Church copied manuscripts Teaching and search for truth privilege of clerics

14. Universities 12 th century – revival of classical learning Intellectual curiosity

16. Roger Bacon (1214 – 1294) Franciscan Friar -- Father of experimental science Argued that you must make your own observations – don’t be led blindly by tradition

17. 15 th Century - Renaissance

18. Trade & Exploration

19. Technology led to an entirely new way of looking at things

20. Printing Press Ability to spread knowledge to “general populous” without control of the church

21. Galileo (1564 – 1642) “to measure what can be measured and to make measurable what cannot be measured”

22. Newton (1642 – 1727) Nature as a law- bound system of matter in motion

23. Chemistry

24. Evolution (Life science)

25. Scientific Method Observable and measurable world Falsifiable hypotheses Controlled experimentation Predictive conclusions

26. William of Ockham (1280 – 1347) Ockham’s Razor “keep it simple”

27. Two Competing Models with the Same Predictions

28. Model # 1 Crop circles were made by alien spacecraft.

29. Model # 2 Crop circles were made by someone (humans) with some sort of instrument to mat down the grass.

30. Models # 1 and # 2 Aliens? Proof? Where did they come from? Can they travel that far? At the speed of light? Thus, second model is the simpler model.

31. Physics Chemistry Biology Environment Astronomy

32. New Technology drives advances

33. No longer a simple world

34. Use combination of theory and observation

35. Breakthroughs are not decisive at first

36. Reason by analogy

37. Science is influenced by social endeavors

38. Best scientists make mistakes

39. Complete unification not always possible Three of four forces can be connected. The only one that cannot “fit” is the one we knew first….gravity!

40. Still need science