1. c.welsch@gsi.de FLAIR FLAIR A Facility for Low-Energy Antiproton and Ion Research Carsten P. Welsch on behalf of the FLAIR collaboration

2. c.welsch@gsi.de Outline  Why cooled low-energy antiprotons ?  Present situation: AD @ CERN  The future: FLAIR -General scheme -The low-energy storage ring (LSR) -The ultra-low-energy storage ring (USR)

3. c.welsch@gsi.de Fundamental Questions Do we understand correlation between the electrons in simplest systems? Is the most general symmetry valid, CPT ? What is the structure of antiprotonic atoms and ions? Is gravitation equal for matter and antimatter? How do matter and antimatter interact?

4. c.welsch@gsi.de Atomic Physics & Fund. Interactions Structure + Fundamental interactions Precision spectroscopy of H(1s-2s) Hyperfine spectroscopy of H p/p mass & H/H gravity measurements g-factor of p Structure & Dynamics Hyperfine spectroscopy of pHe+ Precision spectroscopy of pHe+ Life-time of metastable states in pHe+ Dynamics Formation of pHe+: n,l distributions Formation of antihydrogen p + e+: radiative recombination, stimulated by laser three-body recombination, in strong magnetic fields p + PS: kinematical e+ capture in the presence of a laser field p collisions with atoms and molecules energy loss total single and multiple ionization cross sections fully differential cross sections for single, double, multiple ionization H + H collisions H + atom, molecule collisions Nuclear and Particle Physics with Antiprotons... Examples from LoI

5. c.welsch@gsi.de Hydrogen Anti-Hydrogen CPT Invariance Same Structure ?

6. c.welsch@gsi.de Hydrogen Anti-Hydrogen Same Weight ?

7. c.welsch@gsi.de E[keV]  Dynamics: He + pbars ASACUSA results 1 fs … 0.3 fs … 0.1 fs … 30 as 5 … 2 … 0.5 … 0.3 Z/v t

8. c.welsch@gsi.de Present Situation: AD @ CERN Target Area 26 GeV/c p 3.57 GeV/c p Yield: 4. 10 -6 Stoch. Coolinge - Cooler Experiments

9. c.welsch@gsi.de Challenges E (1s) = - 0.000 000 013 6 GeV H-atom is a weakly-bound system: Antiprotons are created at high energies. (GeV) Deceleration & Cooling required !

10. c.welsch@gsi.de Problem: 5 MeV Too High For Trapping !  > 99.9 % of pbars lost in degrader. ~ 10.000 pbars/shot  ASACUSA: RFQ-D ~ 2.000.000 pbars/shot Still: large  E/E,  x,y

11. c.welsch@gsi.de SIS 100 / 300 pbar production capture and accumulation deceleration High Energy Storage Ring for Antitprotons (HESR): 0.8–15 GeV pbar program in CDR CR NESR HESR Antiprotons at FAIR

12. c.welsch@gsi.de Idea: FLAIR  Austria (SMI, Vienna,TU)  Canada (York, TRIUMPF)  Denmark (Aarhus, ISA)  Germany (GSI, Dresden, Frankfurt, MPQ, Giessen, MPI-K, FJZ, Mainz, Tübingen, Berlin)  Hungary (KFKI, ATOMKI, Debrecen)  India (VECC)  Italy (Brescia, Firenze, Genova)  Japan (RIKEN, Tokyo)  Netherlands (Amsterdam, FOM)  Poland (Warsaw, Soltan Inst.)  Russia (JINR, Moscow, VNIIM, St. Petersburg, Troitsk, Moskva)  Sweden (MSL, Stockholm)  UK (Queens, Wales)  USA (Harvard, Pbar Labs, New Mexico, Texas, Indiana) 15 Countries 15 Countries 50 Institutions 150 Scientists Spokesman: E. Widmann, SMI, Vienna

13. c.welsch@gsi.de FLAIR @ Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research 30 MeV - 300 keV 300 keV - 20 keVkeV -... eV

14. c.welsch@gsi.de PAC Recommendations FLAIR will be the world's unique facility combining low energy antiprotons and exotic ions. It will provide forefront research opportunities on challenging physics in the 2010's. The committee evaluates its extraordinary significance and recommends it to become an integral part of the FAIR facilities. Now: Part of FAIR core project.

15. c.welsch@gsi.de FLAIR Schematic Layout  NESR -Pbar & Ions 400 – 30 MeV  LSR -Standard ring -30 - 0.3 MeV  USR -Electrostatic -300 - 20 keV  HITRAP -pbar and ions -Stopped & extracted @ 5 keV CRYRING, MSL MPI-K HD with “cave AP” part of CDR Not covered in this talk. Spokesman: R. Schuch

16. c.welsch@gsi.de CRYRING

17. c.welsch@gsi.de CRYRING timeline  Design and construction started in 1986  First beam stored in January 1991  Electron cooler started in May 1993  Start of experimental programme in June 1993 ..  Continuous improvements of power supplies, electron cooling, ion sources, diagnostics, control system, vacuum system … ..  Swedish Research Council decided to stop funding in June 2003  First discussions about transfering CRYRING to FAIR in summer 2003

18. c.welsch@gsi.de Ions that have been stored... H. Danared

19. c.welsch@gsi.de Electron Cooling of H -  Beam energy: 3 MeV  Electron current: 18 mA  Initial beam width (FWHM): 9 mm  Initial emittance 10 π mm mrad  Final beam width (FWHM): 1.5 mm  Final emittance 0.25 π mm mrad H. Danared

20. c.welsch@gsi.de Test: Deceleration of Protons Injection at 300 keV, cooling at 3 MeV, acceleration to 30 MeV, deceleration to 300 keV H. Danared

21. c.welsch@gsi.de USR - Goals  Variable to lowest energies  300 keV ~ 20 keV  High luminosity for in-ring experiments  Well-defined extracted beams:  Small emittance  Small momentum spread  Multi-user operation:  2 straight sections for in-ring experiments  Slow and fast extraction  Additional beam lines possible  Central requirements   t ~ 500 nsec for Injection in traps   t ~ 2 nsec / 10 4 ions for collision studies T Rev (pbar; 20keV) = 15  sec Umfang = 30 m 4 mm

22. c.welsch@gsi.de USR: At a Glance Bending elements Quads 2 m R. Dörner ATHENA, CERN FLAIR TR

23. c.welsch@gsi.de QUASAR Group @ MPI-K / KIP ns Bunching Diagnostics@ 4 K quasar.uni-hd.de In-ring Reaction Microscope Jet Projektil

24. c.welsch@gsi.de Injection e - cooler - Photocathode -  E~ 1 meV Atomic beam + Reaction microscope  E= 20 keV – 300 keV  Vacuum < 10 -13 mbar  Diagnostics at 4K  slow/fast extraction  2 ns bunching  … USR - Challenges

25. c.welsch@gsi.de Conclusion  Cooled antiprotons in the 20 keV range will revolutionize low-energy antiproton physics.  DC beams enable nuclear and particle physics type experiments (not possible at AD)  Availability of radioactive ion beams (RIB) offers new synergies (beamline required !)  FLAIR has groups with expertise in building storage rings (MSL Stockholm, MPI-K Heidelberg)

26. c.welsch@gsi.de More Information http://www.oeaw.ac.at/smi/flair LEAP 16.-19.9.2008, Vienna, Austria quasar.uni-hd.de mpi-hd.mpg.de http://www.msl.se

27. c.welsch@gsi.de FLAIR Rings NESRLSR 1.5. 10 8 USR 10 7 Energy Range 800 – 30 MeV 30 – 0.3 MeV 300 – 20 keV # pbars 4. 10 8 R eff = 1. 10 12 1/s R extr. = 5. 10 5 1/s 20 sec E=300 keV E=20 keV 2. 10 7 /s R eff = 2. 10 13 1/s R extr. = 7. 10 6 1/s

28. c.welsch@gsi.de Electron Cooler: 10 eV – 150 eV Positron Cooler Storage Ring Nested Trap Ultra-Low Energy p-Beam Low Energy H-Beam Laser Precision Spectroscopy Microwave HFS Spectroscopy p-Beam 20 - 300 keV Ultra-Low Energy Antiproton Storage Ring deceleration buncher PS-Beam e +,e - spectrometer 1eV – 100 eV Laser-Beam Electron Cooler: 10 eV – 150 eV Reaction Microscope Supersonic Jet Target pp, pHe +, Antiprotonic Atom Beam Laser Precision Spectroscopy Recombination; Laser assisted Injection from ISR: 300 keV; ~10 8 pbar, 0.1 Hz re-injection: eV-20 keV Single, Double, Multiple Ionization Dynamics Antiprotonic Atom Formation n,l Distributions, Spectroscopy Reaction Microscope J. Ullrich