1. Procedures for Exporting Cattle from Chihuahua, Mexico to the United States of America.

2. Introduction  One million head of cattle per year enter the United States from Mexico through 10 ports of entry.  The majority of cattle coming into the United States through these ports originate in the Mexican state of Chihuahua.  Cattle producers in northern Mexico are export-oriented.  Cattle production and exporting are very important economic activities in the state of Chihuahua.  Cattle export activity is determined by rainfall levels.  Procedures for exporting cattle recently changed in response to increased animal health concerns.

3.  Chihuahua state is a model for animal movement control that the United States may need to copy.  Cattle traceability in the US is coming  Ear tagging and record-keeping process in Chihuahua state is very complex  This model is based on two main points:  Green ear tag  Inspection check points

4. Objectives of Paper  Dispel misinformation about Mexican cattle imports  To explain the general regulatory climate under which Mexican cattle are exported.  Chihuahua state procedures offer a model for the US

5. Bovine Tuberculosis Situation in Mexico  Since 1972, Chihuahua has been promoting different tuberculosis eradication campaigns.  Is considered the primary goal of the bi-national cattle disease control and eradication efforts.  In 1992, The Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Eradication Subcommittee was founded.  In 1993, a bi-national US-Mexico group was founded

6. Continue…  The cattle transport rules are a critical component of Mexico’s efforts to eradicate bovine tuberculosis.  In recent years Chihuahua has implemented a unique identification system for cattle consisting of a green ear tag.  Cattle traceability has been significantly improved as a result of the system.  The green ear tag is put on the animal by the original owner.  Remains in the animal whether:  Moved by the same owner  Sold  Traded to a second owner

7. Chihuahua State Regionalization Tuberculosis’ incidence more than 0.05%

8. Check Points  21 Check points  15 Roving inspection stations

9. Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Test Certificate of Herd of Origin Zoo-sanitary Certificate Certificate of Ovariectomy- “Spaying” Cattle Movement Permit Certificate of Ovariectomy “Spaying” Zoosanitary Certificate Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Test Exportation to United States Certificate of Herd of Origin Cattle Movement Permit

10. Conclusion  Rules and procedures to export cattle are more strict day by day, and Mexican government & producers need to be aware of these changes in order to continue exporting cattle to the US.  Rules and procedures to export cattle from Mexico to US are strict and taken seriously by government agencies and cattle producers’ organizations  Because in Chihuahua state the income coming from cattle exports is crucial, improvements are taking place, especially in terms of animal health and cattle traceability.

11. Results of a Survey of Cattle Exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico.

12. Objectives  Develop better information about the population of cattle exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico.  Provide an overview of how Mexican cattle exporters perceive US-Mexico cattle trade.

13. Introduction  Chihuahua has 24,708,700 hectares which are primarily used by the livestock industry.  Almost 90% of the total territory in Chihuahua state is used for livestock.  The cattle industry in Chihuahua state depends on rangeland grass production, which is limited by rainfall.  The export cycle or season begins in September ending in August of the following year.  Hereford  Angus  Limousine  Charolais

14. The Sample  Chihuahua state is the most important cattle exporting state in Mexico.  A list of exporters was provided by the Chihuahua Cattlemen’s Organization.  503 members  143 surveys completed  The number of counties included in this survey was 30 from 67

15. Ahumada1 Aldama2 Allende2 Bachiniva3 Balleza4 Buenaventura1 Camargo22 Coronado4 Coyame2 Cuauhtemoc6 Cusihuiriachi6 Chihuahua4 Guachochi1 Guerrero14 H. del Parral3 Jimenez 4 Julimes2 Madera6 Matachi2 Matamoros2 Namiquipa12 Nonoava3 Riva Palacio2 San Bernardo, Dgo1 San Francisco de Borja12 San Francisco de Conchos 2 Santa Barbara3 Satevo9 Temosachi5

16. Cattle producers’ ages and years exporting to the US YearsYears exporting cattleProducer’s ages <52416.7%__ 6-102618.1%__ 11-205034.9%__ 21-302316.0%117.8% 31-40139.0%3927.6% 41-5053.4%4330.4% >5021.3%4834.0% No answer__ 21.39% Mean response18 years47 years

17. Results  Typical exported calf weight:  161-180 kilograms.  Number of cattle exported annually:  Mean = 549   50  1,501-3,000  Reason for exporting cattle to US:  Better prices  Difficult to sell the whole lot at one time in Mexico

18. Exporters’ Preferred Months for Exporting 67 68 56 37 24 21 20 22 65 95 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 January February March April May June July August September October November December Month Frequencies

19. Survey for Cattle Exporters from Chihuahua, Mexico To the United States of America Percentage of producers indicating their preferred port of entry to the United States Palomas, 9.09% Ojinaga, 32.87% Santa Teresa, 58.04%

20. Results  Reasons for using a specific port of entry:  The location of a port-of-entry.  Better facilities.  Reasons for involvement in the livestock industry:  Tradition  Attitudes toward NAFTA:  Negative impact on Mexican livestock industry, 41%  Positive impact on Mexican livestock industry, 32%

21. Results  Problems experienced in the cattle export process:  Many sanitary requirements.  Participation in government subsidy programs for the livestock industry:  79% of the producers have participated.  55% never experienced difficulties in getting these subsidies  Evaluation of their cattle:  79% give a score between 8-10

22. Perception of the Future of Domestic and Export Cattle Markets  Domestic Market:  Dependent on imports:  Mexico is not able to be self sufficient in beef production.  Mexican market for beef and cattle:  Differentiated by quality  Export cattle market:  More requirements for export due to:  Animal health  Sanitary concerns  Export market will be more specialized:  Types of cattle demanded by U. S. importers

23. Modern Cattle Management Practices  Artificial Insemination  20%  Embryo transfer  3.09%  Pregnancy detection and fertility testing  50%  Big producers generally sell breeding animals  Supplemental feed to their breeding animals  Precondition their calves prior to market  77%

24. Results  Breeding animal acquisition and genetic quality:  Cattle from US, 35% of the respondents. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 OKLAHOMA ARIZONA COLORADO NEW MEXICO TEXAS NEBRASKA KANSAS IOWA SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA NORTH CAROLINA State Percentage

25. Grazing Resources Acres# Respondents% Respondents < 247 a 71.89% 247-1,235.5 b 3020.97% 1,235.5-2,471 c 149.79% 2,471-5,482 d 1711.88% 5,482-12,355 e 2517.48% >12,355 f 3323.07% a= <100 hectares, b= 100-500 hectares, c= 500-1,000 hectares, d= 1,000-2,000 hectares, e= 2,000-5,000 hectares, f= >5,000

26. Conclusions  The traditional market for Chihuahua cattle producers has been steer and heifer calf exports to the U.S.  The producer/ exporters’ perceptions of the cattle export market gives an idea of how producers manage to survive in this dynamic market.  For many Mexican cattle producers, particularly those in Chihuahua state, exporting feeder calves to the United States is part of their identity.  Producers perceive the future of Mexican cattle exports to the U.S. will involve more animal health or sanitary regulations established by the U.S.

27. Thank You for Your Attention

28. Questions?

29. Presented by: Cristina Carmona November, 12 at 10:00 a.m. Room, 375 1.Procedures for Exporting Cattle from Chihuahua, Mexico to the United States of America 2.Results of a Survey of Cattle Exporters in Chihuahua, Mexico