1. Evolution of Lunar Surface

2. Lunar Erosion

3. Surface of Mercury

4. Caloris Impact

5. Tectonics on Mercury

6. Surface of Mars

7. Olympus Mons

8. Valles Marineris

9. Ancient Water on Mars

10. Past Liquid Water

11. Martian Oceans and Lakes

12. Ancient Martin Floodplain

13. Surface of Venus

14. Volcanoes on Venus

15. Tectonics on Venus

16. Pictures from Venus

17. Geological History

18. Gases in Atmospheres Volatiles in Molecular Form (ice or gas): –Carbon dioxide CO 2 (molecular weight = 44) –Oxygen O 2 (molecular weight = 32) –Nitrogen N 2 (molecular weight = 28) –Water H 2 O (molecular weight = 18) Other gases: –Argon Ar (molecular weight = 40) –Neon Ne (molecular weight = 20) Jovian gases: –Ammonia NH 3 (17), Methane CH 4 (16), Helium He (4), and Hydrogen H 2 (2)

20. Understanding Pressure

21. Surface Temperatures Distance from Sun: the energy received from the Sun is inversely proportional to the square of the distance Albedo: the fraction of reflected sunlight. The darker the surface, the more light energy it absorbs. Rotation Rate Greenhouse Effect

22. Temperature without Atmospheres