1. Preparing for Conscious Communication Based on Chapter 3, Goodall and Goodall Lynne Dahmen COM 2301: Advanced Speech

2. Choosing a Goal Assess your audience Eg: clients, your peers, your boss What are their needs/expectations Generate desired outcomes Eg: persuade, convince, inform Establish criteria for success Eg: hire company, create an event, receive positive feedback

3. How can we learn about the audience and their needs? Primary documents and research Material provided by audience Inquiries about or from members of audience Secondary research Similar types of audiences and their needs Similar situations

4. Audiences for our Project Scenario 1: variety of Moroccan workers of the hotel Scenario 2: Moroccan executives, internationally traveled and experienced Scenario 3: Specialized health workers (disease control)

5. Needs and Expectations What specialized information is needed? How must this information be communicated effectively? What is the audience’s relationship to the presenters? What sense of urgency?

6. Possible Outcomes Inform: relatively neutral goal Persuade: listeners accept, purchase, value, or act on information Entertain: little consequence Build a relationship: notion of dialogue Mixed goals: common!

7. What are the goals for our class presentations? For ourselves For our target audience For our organization or company

8. How will we measure success? Financial gain? Building relationships? Long-term profit? Short-term satisfaction? Enhanced reputation? Lives saved?

9. Creating a Message Thesis Organization Support Transitions Intro and Conclusion (basics of writing and speaking!)

10. Basic Structural Patterns Causal (cause and effect) Problem—solution Chronological Topical Combination (frequent)

11. Types of Verbal Support Facts and Statistics Testimony or authoritative sources Examples Narratives/personal anecdotes

12. When using statistics, make sure: they are from credible sources they can be validated independently to use them sparingly to tie them to your point to provide interpretation as needed to use visual representations as appropriate to cite the sources (!!)

13. When using quotes, make sure: the source is credible the reference is relevant to the topic to only cite what is needed, nothing extra not to alter the meaning by selective quoting the link is made clear to the audience

14. When using examples or narratives, make sure: the story is attention getting they support your points/sub points they will not be offensive to your audience it is memorable the stories have not been heard before

15. When using visual support, make sure: the visuals meet the professional expectations of your audience they suit the meeting space the show doesn’t go over time they add visual quality

16. Ways to use Transitions Introduce or preview points Signal topic changes Signal progression in chronology Offer extended explanations, key definitions or ideas Indicate spatial relationships Remind the audience of prior points

17. Goals for Introductions Gain attention Ask a question, a quote or use a startling statement, relate an experience, tell an anecdote, use a captivating image State a thesis Preview the points in the speech Offer how the listeners will benefit

18. Goals for Conclusions Reviews main points Provides closure Leads to future possibilities

19. Step 3: Coordinating with Others Gain feedback Rehearse the message Make sure there are no mistakes Makes people feel included

20. Step 4: Delivering the Message Practice Depends on previous experience, complexity of presentation, familiarity with topic and audience, confidence, formality of occasion Fluency Language ability, comfort with topic Naturalness Manner of speaking Vivacity Energy and enthusiasm Non-verbal confidence