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Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines Jesse H. Ausubel Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller.

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Presentation on theme: "Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines Jesse H. Ausubel Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller."— Presentation transcript:

1 Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines Jesse H. Ausubel Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller University http://phe.rockefeller.edu

2 Bankside Power Station, London Opened for power generation in 1953, became Tate Gallery in 2000 Comparably powerful plant built today could fit in 1/10 th the space “Footprint” covers 3.5 hectares 100m tall

3 Source: N. Victor & J. Ausubel, 2003 Hydrocarbon fuels ranked by heat value Rank Heat Value

4 combustor 1500º C 400 atm 1133 º C 70 atm 790º C 400 atm 80º C 400 atm 120º C 70 atm 30 º C 70 atm 80º C 400 atm 1133 º C 70 atm condenser regenerator O2O2 CH 4 Basic ZEPP configuration, 400 atm case pump gas turbinegenerator Source: After Ichihara, Tokyo Electric Power

5 Power Generation Efficiencies for Power Plants 100 500 1000 1500 1700 600800 200400 1000 ZEPP 63% (projected) ZEPP 59% (projected) ZEPP 70% (projected) Gas Turbine 50~55% Gas Turbine 48% Gas Turbine 43% Steam Turbine (Ultra Supercritical) 42~43% Steam Turbine (Conventional) 38~40% Temperature, Celsius Pressure, atmospheres Source: After Ichihara Efficiency increases with higher pressure and temperature.

6

7 USA: Hydrogen production, 1971-1999 semi-log scale 10 4 10 5 10 6 196519701975198019851990199520002005 Millions of cubic feet Source: N. M. Victor and J.H. Ausubel, 2002 Year

8 Major fuels ranked by heat value Uranium enriched to 3.5% in LWR Firewood Brown Coals Crude Oils LPG Natural Gas Hydrogen Natural uranium in FBR Natural uranium in CANDU Natural uranium in LWR with U & Pu recycle Natural uranium in LWR 10 0 10 2 10 4 10 6 10 8 01234567891011121314151617181920 MJ/kg Black Coals Source: N. Victor and J. Ausubel, 2003 Heat Value Rank

9 Hypothetical SuperGrid energy pipe MgB 2 Electrical Insulation Thermal Insulation Vacuum Liquid H 2 @ 21 K ± 50,000 V dc 100,000 A 10 GW Source: P. Grant, EPRI

10 Energy SuperGrid pipe could share tunnels with high-speed, long-distance trains Source: EPRI

11 Like computers that comprise the Internet, power plants become more powerful AND SMALLER US Ballistic Research Lab computer, mid 1950s Dell laptop, 2004 Tennessee Valley Authority coal plant (date unknown) Delivery of General Electric 480 MW natural gas turbine, 2000

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