1. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com ٍ Effects of Acetylation on the some Properties of Paper made from bagasse In the Name of Lord Mojtaba Soltani

2. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com The properties of any resource are, for the most part, a result of the chemistry of the resource, If you change the chemistry to change properties If you change properties, you change performance Rowell said:

3. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Introduction: Couldfield(1988),Stated that paper dimensional instability is affected by humidity and cell wall swelling. Mechanical properties and printability are declined by water absorption. Matsuda (1996), suggested that hydroxyl groups of wood are more active reaction sites and they are reason of woods instability. Larsson, Brield (1996) – Mohebby, Militz (2003) – Mohebby (1982),reported ;dimensional stability is created by substitution of hydrophilic hydroxyl groups with hydrophobic carboxyl groups. Gomez, Bueso a,b (1999), Rowell, Keany (1991);reported that acetylation improved water absorption, dimensional stability and swelling thickness of bagasse. Ebrahimzadeh (1996) studied the effect of acetylation on unbleached solphate paper and indicated that acetylation reduced blocking water binding sites. (Abdolkhani et al.( 2005) reported that acetylation can improved photo yellowing properties of CMP bagasse paper. Mohbby et al (2007) reported that treatment of acetylation on paper (bleached long fibre) improved some of physical and mechanical properties.

4. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Introduction: Acetylation:  A chemical reaction by that OH groups substitute with acetyl groups H3CH3C H3CH3C O = C O = C O Ö H Wood O H3CH3C H3CH3C O = C O C O H + - Acetic Anhydride CH3C(=O)-O-C(=O)-CH3 + WOOD-OH WOOD-O-C(=O)-CH3 + CH3C(=O)-OH Acetylated Wood Acetic Acid

5. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Acetylation Dimensional stability StrengthBioresistanceRoughness Printability Of paper Wetability of paperUV resistance Introduction Acetylation:  Influence of acetylation on wood properties

6. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Objectives: Any improvement in paper hydrophobicity and its physical and mechanical properties could affect The objective of this study were to: a) determination the effects of acetylated treatment of bagasse paper on some of mechanical and physical properties. b) determination the effects of refining on acetylation process of bagasse paper

7. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Materials and Methods

8. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Properties: Determination of density Water absorption, smoothness, brightness, D-filding, Wax(printability), Tear, Burst, Porosity and Breaking Length The paper sheets were conditioned : (24 h, 23 ˚C, 50 % ) Hand sheet paper were made from Bagasse Solphat pulp Treatments: Acetylation with a Vacuum flask ; at 120˚C; With Acetic anhydride and without any catalyst. Before Refining After Refining

9. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Results: TestsAcetylationRefining 1 2 3 4 Water absorption ** 0low Med,Hi - - Smoothness ** 0, Med Hi Med - Density ns * - - - - Brightness ** 0Low, Med Hi - D-folding ** 0 Low med Hi Wax ns * - - - - Tear ** 0Low,Mid,Hi - - Burst ** 0,low,Med Hi - - Breaking length ns * - - - - Porosity * * 0 Low Mid Hi (Duncan subsetes) Acetylation% (ANOVA) Ns=not significant

10. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 1:Effect of Acetylation on Density of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Acetylation rate (wpg) Reaction time

11. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 2:Effect of Acetylation on Water Absorption of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Water Absorption index Acetylation

12. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure3:Effect of Acetylation onSmoothness of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Smoothness Acetylation

13. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 4:Effect of Acetylation on Density of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Density Refining

14. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 5:Effect of Acetylation on Brightness of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Brightness Acetylation

15. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 6:Effect of Acetylation on D_Folding of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining D_FOLDING Acetylation

16. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure7:Effect of Acetylation on Printability of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining

17. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 8: Effect of Acetylation onTear of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Tear index Acetylation

18. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 9:Effect of Acetylation on Burst of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Burst index Acetylation

19. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 10:Effect of Acetylation on Breaking length of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Breaking Length index Acetylation

20. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Figure 1:Effect of Acetylation on Porosity of Bagasse paper,Befor and after Refining Porosity index Acetylation

21. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Thank you for your attention!

22. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Water Absorption Swelling Density Tan  Q Factor Specific Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Young’s specific modulus of elasticity Acoustic Converting Efficiency (ACE) Hemicellulose degradation Soluble extractives and their removal Formic acid, Furfural, Acetic acid etc. Collapsed cell walls Growth of crystalline region of cellulose Cross linking between lignin polymer Formation of Micropores (gaps) in microfibriles Decreased OH groups Lignin condensation

23. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com In the Name of Lord ٍ Effects of Acetylation on the some Properties of Paper made from bagasse Mojtaba Soltani

24. Mojtaba Soltani, Islamic Azad University,Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources,Science and Research Branch; Tehran, Iran; Tel+ 981212203248 Fax+981212203260; e-mail: mo_slty@yahoo.commo_slty@yahoo.com Conclusion: