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Functions Receptors Signaling Chapter 11
Cytokines Functions Receptors Signaling Chapter 11 Cut back on chemokine stuff Dave gives a lot of that in the prior lecture Focus on signaling pathways Add more on Th1/Th2
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Cytokines are soluble mediators (small proteins) of innate and adaptive immunity and the mechanisms by which leukocytes communicate with one another.
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Functions of cytokines
stimulation inhibition differentiation cell death chemoattract
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Properties of cytokines
Abbas Figure 11-2
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Key Cytokines Produced by Innate Immune Responses
IL-1 - macrophages, epithelial cells IL-6 - macrophages, endothelial cells (also T cells) IL-12 - macrophages, dendritic cells TNF-a - macrophages, NK cells (also T cells) IFN-a - dendritic cells, virally infected cells IFN-b - virally infected cells
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Functions of cytokines in innate immunity
Abbas Figure 11-1A
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The release of TNF-a by macrophages induces local protective effects, but TNF-a can have damaging effects when released systemically (septic shock). Abbas Figure 11-5
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Antiviral effects of Type I Interferons (IFN-a/b)
Abbas Figure 11-8
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Key Cytokines Produced by T Cells
IL-2 - CD8+, naïve and Th1 CD4+ cells IFNg - CD8+, Th1 CD4+ TNF-a - CD8+, Th1 and some Th2 CD4+ IL-4 - Th2 CD4+ IL-10 - Th2 CD4+ See also Table 11-4
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Functions of cytokines in acquired immunity
Abbas Figure 11-1B
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Cytokine receptors belong to families of receptor proteins, each with a distinctive structure (See also Abbas Figure 11-3A).
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Cytokine receptors subfamilies have shared signaling subunits (see also Abbas Figure 11-3B).
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Cytokine receptor function is regulated by expression of the subunits - the IL-2R story
See also Abbas Figure 11-11
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JAK-Janus kinase STAT-signal transducer and activator of transcription Class I and Class II cytokine receptors signal by a rapid pathway using receptor-associated kinases to activate specific transcription factors. Abbas Box 11-2
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JAK/STATs Used by Key Cytokines
See also Abbas Box 11-2 Table
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Chemokines are a family of proteins of similar structure that bind to chemokine receptors, members of a large family of G protein-coupled receptors. CXCL8 Rhodopsin bound to ligand retinal (structure predicted to be similar to chemokine receptor)
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Abbas Figure 11-6
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Seven-transmembrane-domain receptors signal by coupling with trimeric GTP-binding proteins
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