1. Introduction to Clinical Psychology: Science, Practice and Ethics Chapter 14 Clinical Neuropsychology This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005

2. Discovering Brain-Behaviour Relationships Joseph Gall (1758-1828) Johan Casper Spurzheim (1776-1832) Phrenology Paul Broca (1824-1880): “Tan”  Broca’s area: posterior left frontal lobe  Broca’s aphasia: Inability to speak Carl Wernicke (1848-1904)  Wernicke’s area: temporal lobe (posterior to Broca’s area)  Wernicke’s aphasia: confusing speech John Hughlings-Jackson (1835-1911): Hierarchal organization Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005

3. Development of Clinical Neuropsychology Ward Halstead Ralph Reitan A.R. Luria

4. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Map of Human Brain: Structure and Function Left and Right Hemisphere Cerebral Cortex Four Lobes  Frontal  Temporal  Parietal  Occipital

5. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 The Brain: Four Lobes Frontal LobesParietal Lobes Occipital Lobes Temporal Lobes

6. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Frontal Lobes Executive Functioning reasoning and planning modulation of emotion converting thoughts into words body language Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

7. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Frontal Lobe Damage difficulties with initiation and inhibition planning organizing difficulty time shifting; shift set in general mobility lack drive or energy responding to language (left) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

8. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Temporal Lobes processing auditory information forming & recalling memories (left - verbal, right – visual) music & lyrics regulating emotions Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

9. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Temporal Lobe Damage receptive aphasia (left) difficulty forming new memories (anterograde amnesia) T. Lobe Epilepsy – emotional volcanoes Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

10. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Parietal Lobes processing sensory information Processing language input associate visual & auditory signals to give meaning to memory Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

11. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Parietal Lobe Damage unable to detect tactile sensory stimuli (lateral) inability to understand spoken or written language Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

12. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Occipital Lobes form, colour, movement decode visual information to recognize & identify objects processing visual information Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

13. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Occipital Lobe Damage cortical blindness Anton’s Syndrome (blind without insight) Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

14. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Left and Right Hemisphere Top view of the brain  speech functioning  logical  sequential  understanding & expressing emotion  music  intuitive thinking

15. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Map of Human Brain: Structure and Function Subcortical structures  Thalamus  Basal ganglia  Cerebellum  Corpus callosum

16. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Causes of Brain Dysfunction Trauma  closed head vs penetrating Cerebrovascular disease  stroke Degenerative diseases  Alzheimer’, Parkinson’s Tumors Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Nutritional Deficiencies

17. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Neuropsychological Assessment Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery  Categories test: abstraction and reasoning abilities, particularly concept formation  Tactile performance test: manual dexterity, spatial memory, tactile discrimination ( marker for agnosia)  The seashore rhythm test : attend and concentrate  Speech-sound perception test: attention, verbal auditory discrimination, and auditory-visual integration (left temporal lobe damage)  Finger tapping: motor speed and manual dexerity  Trail-making test: motor speed, visual scanning, and visual-motor integration  Strength of Grip: strength of both dominant and non-dominant hands

18. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Comprehensive Batteries Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery  11 Content Scales: Motor, Rhythm, Tactile, Visual, Receptive Speech, Expressive Speech, Writing, Reading, Arithmetic, Memory, Intellectual Processes  Pathognomic  Left Hemisphere  Right Hemisphere

19. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Individualized Neuropsychological Assessment General Intellectual Functioning Memory Functioning Abstract Reasoning Visual-Perceptual Functioning Verbal Language Functioning Other  Attention  Academic skills  Motor ability  Emotional status

20. Copyright ©Allyn & Bacon 2005 Clinical Neuropsychology: Training and Certification Areas of Knowledge  Generic Psychology  Generic Clinical Psychology  Brain-Behaviour Relationships  Practice of Clinical Neuropsychology ABBP in Clinical Neuropsychology