1. Emergency Response American Red Cross Instructor: Joel Bass MS ATC
1995 USDOT First Responder Curriculum

2. Cardiac Emergencies II

3. Cardiac Arrest What is cardiac arrest?
When the heart stops beating or beats too irregularly or too weakly to circulate blood effectively.
What are some causes of cardiac arrest?
Drowning
Suffocation
Electrocution
Respiratory arrest
Poisoning
Allergic reactions
Stroke
A victim in cardiac arrest is unconscious, not breathing, and without a pulse.

4. CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR is only effective for short periods of time
The effectiveness decreases the longer you are performing CPR.
The majority of victims in cardiac arrest need early defibrillation to have the best chance for survival.
CPR extends the time in which defibrillation will be successful.
Victims of cardiac arrest do not often survive, even in the best situations.
Video (Adult CPR)

5. When to Stop CPR Another trained rescuer takes over
You are too exhausted to continue
Victim’s heart starts beating
Scene becomes unsafe
A defibrillator is available with trained user present
You are presented with valid DNR order
Advanced medical personnel order you to discontinue.

6. Skill Practice: Adult CPR
Bring your skill sheets to the practice area
Find a partner
Use manikins
Practice CPR, beginning with the initial assessment.

7. Cardiac Emergencies III

8. Cardiac Emergencies in Infants and Children
Children and infants often suffer a respiratory emergency that results in a cardiac emergency.
Ways to prevent cardiac emergencies in children
Prevent injuries leading to cardiac emergencies
Proper medical care
Recognize early signs of respiratory emergency
Agitation
Drowsiness
Change in skin color
Increased difficulty breathing
Increased heart and breathing rates
Video (Child CPR)

9. Skill Practice: Child CPR
Bring your skill sheets to the practice area
Find a partner
Use manikins
Practice CPR, beginning with the initial assessment.

10. Infant CPR Video (Infant CPR) Infant Two-Rescuer CPR
One rescuer places his or her thumbs next to each other on top of the infant’s sternum 2 finger’s width below nipple line and then wraps hands around the infant’s body.

11. Skill Practice: Infant CPR
Bring your skill sheets to the practice area
Find a partner
Use manikins
Practice CPR, beginning with the initial assessment.

12. 10 Minute Break

13. Cardiac Emergencies IV

14. Two-Rescuer Adult CPR Video (Two-Rescuer CPR)
Compression to breathing remains 15 to 2
First rescuer does an initial assessment and the second rescuer gets into position to give compressions
When changing positions, stay on the same side
When CPR is in progress by one rescuer and a second arrives, that rescuer should ask whether advanced medical personnel have been summoned.

15. Skill Practice: Two-Rescuer Adult CPR
Bring your skill sheets to the practice area
Find a partner
Use manikins
Practice CPR, beginning with the initial assessment.

16. Automated External Defibrillation (AED) II

17. Automated External Defibrillators: Improving Survival or Cardiac Arrest
Video (AED Defibrillators)
Operating an AED
Confirm cardiac arrest
Turn on device
Attach device to victim
Analyze rhythm
Deliver shock, if indicated

18. Precautions for Using an AED
Do not clean chest with alcohol pads.
Stand clear of victim when analyzing and defibrillating
Do not analyze or defibrillate in moving vehicle.
Do not defibrillate in water
Do not defibrillate on metal surface
Do not defibrillate victim less that 8 years old
Do not defibrillate victim less than 55 pounds
Remove any nitroglycerin patches from victim before defibrillation

19. Skill Practice: Using an AED
Bring your skill sheets to the practice area
Find a partner
Use manikins and an AED
Practice using an AED, beginning with the initial assessment.

20. 10 Minute Break

21. Putting It All Together