1. Information Systems Development and Acquisition Chapter 8 Jessup & Valacich Instructor: Ramesh Sankaranarayanan

2. Software Engineering A newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems Software Engineering A newer term given to acknowledge the movement of systems building from art to discipline by professionals using common methods, techniques, and tools for constructing information systems Systems Analysis and Design A traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers Systems Analysis and Design A traditional term used to describe the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems performed by analysts and programmers Problem Decomposition Systems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization Problem Decomposition Systems building is a process of decomposing large complex problems to discover and design solutions to support the organization Developing Systems

3. The Systems Development Life Cycle The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a structured method complete with techniques developed to manage the life cycle of an information system

4. System Identification, Selection, and Planning

5. System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization System Identification A process used to identify opportunities for developing systems projects to solve problems. This process varies greatly from organization to organization Selection The process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives Selection The process of applying evaluation criteria to possible projects to select those that are critical to enabling the organization’s mission, goals, and objectives Systems Planning Developing formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)” Systems Planning Developing formal plans for creating the information systems project selected. Some organizations call their periodic process of identification, selection, and planning “Information Systems Planning (ISP)”

6. Systems Analysis

7. Collecting System Requirements (Traditional) A combination of methods are used: Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users) Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes Observations – watch process and systems use Document Analysis – reviewing current documents Collecting System Requirements (Traditional) A combination of methods are used: Interviews – discussions with stakeholders (i.e. users) Questionnaires – surveys to assess use and attitudes Observations – watch process and systems use Document Analysis – reviewing current documents

8. System Analysis – Modeling Organizational Data The ERD Diagram A tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases The ERD Diagram A tool used to identify the relationships between entities to assist in developing applications and databases

9. System Design

10. System Design - Designing Forms and Reports Forms - a business document with predefined data and places to fill in information that is used for system input Reports – an output of a system that contains only predefined data usually in a tabular format (see below)

11. System Design - Designing Interfaces and Dialogues An Example of a User Interface - Google

12. System Design - Designing Databases and Files

13. System Design – Designing Processing Logic Processing Logic The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information Processing Logic The processing and logic operations of an information system are the steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information Processing Logic Example Describes the steps for calculating a GPA 1.Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours earned, and list of prior courses 2.Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours 3.Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums 4.Calculate the new grade point average Processing Logic Example Describes the steps for calculating a GPA 1.Obtain the prior grade point average, credits hours earned, and list of prior courses 2.Obtain the list of each current course, final grade, and course credit hours 3.Combine the prior and current credit hours into aggregate sums 4.Calculate the new grade point average

14. System Implementation

15. System Implementation – Programming and Testing Software Programming – creating the instructions from the programming logic design using a variety of programming languages assisted many times by language editors Software Testing – a series of tests designed to identify errors and validate logic in parallel with programming. There are multiple types of testing (see below)

16. System Implementation – System Conversion Conversion Approaches – the process of taking information from an old system to populate a new system. This is accomplished through manual and/or automated methods

17. System Implementation – System Documentation System Documentation The collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development System Documentation The collection of materials produced with an information system to support the ongoing operation and development Documentation Types User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation Documentation Types User and reference guides – step-by-step instructions for using the system features and functions User training and tutorials – manuals and exercises designed to educate users and build competence in system use. These training manuals and tutorials can be supported by a database that utilizes realistic data Installation procedures and trouble-shooting suggestions – manuals and procedures designed to support technical personal in installing and problem solving during system operation

18. System Implementation – System Training Training Approaches – the processes used to educate users in new business processes and system features and functions with the goal of building competence to ensure operational success (see possible methods below)

19. System Maintenance

20. System Maintenance - Maintenance Types System Maintenance The process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below System Maintenance The process by which a system is kept in working order and minor enhancements are completed. Some types of system maintenance are shown below