1. SAIU: An Efficient Cache Replacement Policy for Wireless On-demand Broadcasts Jianliang Xu, Qinglong Hu, Dik Lun Department of Computer Science in HK University Lee, Wang-Chien Lee GTE Laboratories Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information knowledge management CIKM 2000.

2. Outline Introduction Background Cache replacement algorithm Implementation issues Simulation model Performance evaluation Conclusion My comment

3. Introduction Wireless data dissemination  Broadcast-based information dissemination  On-demand services Wireless on-demand broadcast systems Some researches in wireless on-demand systems.  On-demand broadcast scheduling  Wireless data caching

4. Wireless caching policy Cache replacement is an important issue to be tackled for cache management. Previous studies are based on unrealistic assumptions, such as fixed data sizes, no updates, and no disconnections.

5. Background Performance metrics  Traditional cache management Cache hit ratio Access latency  On-demand broadcast system Access latency Stretch — the ratio of the access latency of a request to its service time( size/bandwidth)

6. Scheduling algorithms Longest Wait First( LWF) Longest Total Stretch First( LTSF)  In this paper, LTSF is the default scheduling algorithm. RxW

7. Invalidation propagation To maintain cache consistency, periodically propagating invalidation report( IR) is an efficient method. Adaptive cache invalidation algorithm( AAW_AT)

8. Cache replacement algorithm In traditional cache management methods, access probability is primary factor used to determine a cache replacement policy. In an on-demand broadcast environment three additional factors, namely data retrieval delay, data update frequency and data item size, need to be considered in the design of cache replacement policies.

9. Design Guide Observation( Which object should be replace)  Lower access probability  Lower miss penalty( shorter data retrieval delay)  Higher update frequency  Larger data size

10. The SAIU replacement policy Stretch*Access-rate*Inverse Update- frequency( SAIU)  gain(i)=Li*Ai/Si*Ui  The algorithm remove the minimum gain(i) value until the free space is sufficient to accommodate the incoming item.

11. Implementation issues Heap management  Use min-heap data structure to implement SAIU.  The time complexity is O( logN). Estimate of running parameter  An exponential aging method is used to estimate Ui, Li, and Ai.  Initially, Ui and Li are set to 0.  Ui=α u /(t c -t i lu )+(1-α u )*Ui  Li=α s /(t c -t i qt )+(1-α s )*Li  Ai=α a /(t c -t i la )+(1-α a )*Ai on server-side on client-side

12. Implementation issues( cont.) Maintenance of cache item attributes  A cache item has six parameters need to maintain, namely s i, Ui, t i lu, Li, Ai,and t i la.  Storing the attributes for cached data items in client cache.  In order to avoid the starvation problem. Maintaining a GAIN min value which is the minimum gain(i) value in cached item. If one item need to evict, checking the gain value is larger than GAIN min or not. If it does, keep it’s attribute. If not, drop it.

13. Simulation model A single server and numbers of clients. Two types of size distributions of item  Increasing Distribution( INCRT) Size i =S min +[(I-1)*(S max -S min +1)]/DbSize,i=1, …….,Dbsize  Decreasing Distribution( DECRT) Size i =S max -[(i-1)(S max -S min +1)]/DbSize,i=1, …….,DbSize

14. Default system parameter settings

15. Client model

16. Server model

17. Performance evaluation α a =α s =α u =0.25 Using AAW_AT to propagate invalidation information and LTSF for on-demand broadcast scheduling. SAIU( EST) and SAIU( IDL)

18. Experiment 1: Impact of the cache size( INCRT)

19. Experiment 1: Impact of the cache size( DECRT)

20. Experiment 1: Impact of the cache size( INCRT)

22. Experiment 2: Impact of the broadcast bandwidth( INCRT)

23. Experiment 2: Impact of the broadcast bandwidth( DECRT)

24. Experiment 3: Influence of the item size( INCRT)

25. Experiment 3: Influence of the item size( DECRT)

26. Experiment 4: Influence of the update frequency( INCRT)

27. Experiment 4: Influence of the update frequency( DECRT)

28. Experiment 5: Algorithm complexity

29. Conclusion SAIU performs substantially better than the well known LRU and LRU-MIN policies, especially for clients which favor access to comparatively smaller.

30. Future work They are incorporating the factor of cache validation delay. They plan to conduct simulations for clients with heterogeneous access patterns. Combining the prefetching into the current scheme.

31. My comment Unfortunately, it did not use real trace to simulate. We can not compare the result with other experiments. It point out three more factors that we should consider in wireless environment, namely data retrieval delay, data update frequency and data item size. Different invalidate. The starvation problem.( Save attribute greater then GAINmin)