1. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION EXERCISE (1) GLUCOSE + ATP  GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE + ADP + H + (2) CH 3 CH 2 OH + NAD +  (CH3)CHO + NADH + H + (3) ATP + H 2 O  ADP + P i (4) CH 3 (CO)COO - + H +  CH 3 CHO + CO 2 (PYRUVATE) (ACETALDEHYDE) (PYRUVATE) (ACETALDEHYDE) (5) CH 3 (CO)COO - + ATP + CO 2  ADP + P i + - OOC-CH 2 (C0) COO - (OXALOACETATE) (OXALOACETATE) - OOC H H H - OOC H H H | | | | | | | | (6) C = C  C = C | | | | | | | | H COO - - OOC COO - H COO - - OOC COO -

2. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION EXERCISE (7) OXALOACETATE + GTP  PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE + GDP + CO 2 (8) ASP +  -KETOGLUTARATE  OXALOACETATE + GLU (9) 3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE  2-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE (10) - OOC-CH 2 -CH 2 -COO - + FAD  - OOC-CH=CH-COO - + FADH 2

3. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION ANSWERS TO IN-CLASS EXERCISE (1) TRANSFERASE (HEXOKINASE) (2) OXIDOREDUCTASE (ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE) (3) HYDROLASE (ATPase) (4) LYASE (PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE) (5) LIGASE (PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE) (6) ISOMERASE (MALEATE ISOMERASE) (7) HYDROLASE (PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE) (8) TRANSFERASE (AMINOTRANSFERASE) (9) PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (10) OXIDOREDUCTASE (SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE)

4. OXIDOREDUCTASES CATALYZE REDOX REACTIONS SOME COMMON TYPES: –REDUCTASES –DEHYDROGENASES –OXIDASES –OXYGENASES LOOK FOR INVOLVEMENT OF COENZYMES –NAD +, NADP +, FAD, FMN

5. TRANSFERASES TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SOME EXAMPLES: –TRANSFERASES –PHOSPHORYLASES TRANSFER OF P i OR PP i –KINASES A PHOSPHATE TRANSFER UTILIZE OR GENERATE ATP

6. HYDROLASES HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS WATER MOLECULES USED TO BREAK BONDS EXAMPLES: –PHOSPHATASES –PEPTIDASES –ATPase, GTPase

7. LYASES CATALYZES REACTIONS THAT –GENERATE A DOUBLE BOND –ADDS A SUBSTRATE MOLECULE TO DOUBLE BOND OF A SECOND SUBSTRATE EXAMPLES: –DECARBOXYLASES –DEHYDRATASES –ALDOLASE

8. ISOMERASES CONVERSION OF ONE ISOMERIC FORM INTO ANOTHER EXAMPLES: –ISOMERASES –EPIMERASES –RACEMASES –MUTASES

9. LIGASES TWO MOLECULES ARE JOINED ANABOLIC REACTIONS REQUIRE NUCLEOTIDES (ATP, GTP) TO DRIVE THEM –A PYROPHOSPHATE BOND MUST BE BROKEN EXAMPLES: –CARBOXYLASE –SYNTHETASES DON’T CONFUSE SYNTHETASES WITH SYNTHASES

10. ONGOING EXERCISE USING THE PRECEEDING PRINCIPLES OF ENZYME CLASSIFICATION, MAKE SURE THAT YOU CAN IDENTIFY THE CLASS OF ENZYME FOR EACH ENZYME THAT WE STUDY AND RATIONALIZE WHY IT FITS INTO THAT PARTICULAR CLASS